1.3 Parts of a Cell

Question 1

What is the cell membrane?

Answer 1

encloses the main body of the cell

Question 2

What is the cell membrane also referred to as?

Answer 2

plasma membrane
cytoplasmic membrane

Question 3

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Answer 3

semi-permeable barrier that allows certain substances to pass through

Question 4

What is the composition of the cell membrane?

Answer 4

amphipathic phospholipid bilayer

Question 5

What does amphipathic mean?

Answer 5

contains both a hydrophobic and hydrophilic section

Question 6

What determines the lipid fluidity of the cell membrane?

Answer 6

the composition of the lipids, the temperature of the environment, and presence of any additional molecules

Question 7

What is a key distinction of prokaryotic versus eukaryotic cells membranes?

Answer 7

absence of sterol lipids in prokaryotes

Question 8

Where are cell walls found?

Answer 8

bacteria, plants, fungi, and algae

Question 9

What is the cell wall?

Answer 9

additional layer surrounding the cell membrane

Question 10

What are the functions of the cell wall?

Answer 10

support
structure
protection

Question 11

What is the cell envelope?

Answer 11

the combination of the cell membrane and cell wall

Question 12

What do bacterial cell walls contain?

Answer 12

peptidoglycan

Question 13

What is the peptidoglycan layer of the cell wall needed for in bacteria?

Answer 13

protects the cell from damaging environmental stresses

Question 14

What are the cell walls of Archaea composed of?

Answer 14

surface layer proteins called the S layer

Question 15

What is the purpose of the S layer in Archaea?

Answer 15

provide a physical and chemical protective barrier to the harsh surrounding envirnments

Question 16

What are plant cell walls composed of?

Answer 16

cellulose, pectin, and soluble protein

Question 17

What are fungal cell walls composed of?

Answer 17

cellulose and chitin

Question 18

What are yeast cell walls composed of?

Answer 18

mannoproteins and chitin

Question 19

What are diatoms cell walls composed of?

Answer 19

silica

Question 20

What is the cytoplasm?

Answer 20

open volume of the cell comprised of mostly water and dissolved substances