2.1 Metabolism

Question 1

What is cellular metabolism?

Answer 1

controlled set of biochemical reactions that occur in living organisms to maintain life

Question 2

What do most metabolic functions in cells rely on?

Answer 2

enzymes

Question 3

What are enzymes?

Answer 3

proteins that catalyze chemical reactions

Question 4

Is the enzyme consumed during the reaction?

Answer 4

no

Question 5

What is a cofactor?

Answer 5

small chemical component that assist enzymes during the catalysis reactions

Question 6

What are typically examples of cofactors?

Answer 6

metal ions

Question 7

What are enzymes in the presence of cofactors? Lacking cofactors?

Answer 7

active;inactive

Question 8

What are the building blocks of proteins?

Answer 8

amino acids

Question 9

What are the building blocks of fats?

Answer 9

glycerol
fatty acids

Question 10

What is catabolism?

Answer 10

process of breaking down larger molecules into useful energy sources

Question 11

What is anabolism?

Answer 11

building up or biosynthesis of macromolecules

Question 12

When is the anabolic process typically used?

Answer 12

growth and repair

Question 13

What is the most widely used form of energy in cells?

Answer 13

ATP

Question 14

What is ATP?

Answer 14

adenine triphosphate

Question 15

What does ATP turn into when a phosphate group is removed?

Answer 15

ADP

Question 16

What are phototrophs?

Answer 16

acquire energy from photons of light to generate ATP from ADP

Question 17

What are chemotrophs?

Answer 17

acquire energy from preformed chemicals found in the environment

Question 18

What can chemotrophs be divided into?

Answer 18

organotrophs
lithotrophs

Question 19

What are organotrophs?

Answer 19

remove electrons from organic molecules such as glucose

Question 20

What are lithotrophs?

Answer 20

remove electrons from inorganic molecules such a as elemental sulfur