6.3 Bacteriophages Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a bacteriophage?

A

virus that infects bacteria

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2
Q

What is a bacteriophage also known as?

A

phage

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3
Q

What is the structure of bacteriophages?

A

icosahedral capsid and helical tail

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4
Q

What are tail fibers and where are they attached to?

A

attached to tail; fibrous extensions that aid in binding host cells

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5
Q

What will penetrate the host cell and what occurs?

A

helical tail and the viral genome is injected through the hollow helical tail into the cytoplasm

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6
Q

What must researchers do in order to culture viruses?

A

must co-culture with live cells since viruses require a host

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7
Q

What are the two forms of replication for bacteriophages?

A

lytic
lysogenic

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8
Q

What are lytic bacteriophages?

A

replicate within the host bacteria until is lyses, effectively destroying the host cell

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9
Q

What is the viral titer?

A

quantitative amount of virus present in the culture

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10
Q

What is the purpose of knowing the viral titer?

A

allows researchers to carefully and effectively plan infectious experiments

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11
Q

What happens if there is too much virus in a culture?

A

immediately overwhelm and kill all host cells

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12
Q

What happens if there is too little virus in a culture?

A

take too long to generate detectable levels of newly produced viruses

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13
Q

What are lysogenic bacteriophages also known as?

A

temperate

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14
Q

What are lysogenic bacteriophages?

A

exist in a non-replicative state such that the viral genome is integrated into the host genome

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15
Q

What is a prophage?

A

a bacteriophage that has integrated its genome into the host genome

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16
Q

How can you detect a lytic bacteria in a culture?

A

during initial inoculation the media will have a high degree of turbidity or cloudiness but then will turn clear as the lytic cycle progresses