6.2 Respiratory sounds of the healthy animals, abnormal respiratory sounds Flashcards
Which side do you auscultate on?
left side
Explain: Normal (physiological) respiratory sound
Soft, blowing sound
Stronger in carnivores,
sometimes bronchial like
Explain : Bronchial sound
laryngotracheobronchial
Strong, audible
blowing sound
H sound during insp/exp ‘‘hhhhhhhhh’’
Explain: Bronchial like
(tracheobronchial) sound
Deeper, softer,
harsher than the bronchial sound like F and H together ‘‘FHHHHHHF’’
Where can you hear the normal bronchial respiratory sound?
can be heard above the larynx and trachea under physiological
conditions
How is the bronchial respiratory sound produced?
produced by a stenotic effect of the relatively solid (cartilagineous) airway of the larynx, trachea
Why does the bronchial respiratory sound develop?
it is due to vortex formation of the inhaled air within the gradually narrowing passages of the upper respiratory tract.
Where is the bronchial respiratory sound best heard?
Over the anterior part of the respiratory area where the larger bronchi are relatively near to the surface of the body (large bronchial area)
describe the bronchial like respiratory sound
- in between the normal and bronchial sound
- quieter, deeper, rougher than bronchial
- can be normal during inhalation in cow, dog, cat, swine
- always nomal during expiration
when can we hear abnormal bronchial sound
- always during exhalation
- during rapid respiration above narrow upper airway
- when peribronchal lung tissue contains less air
what can cause abnormal bronchial sound
stiffer bronchial wall or inflitration around the bronchial wall
what causes abnormal bronchial sound during rapid respiration
the turbulence is so intensified that the borders of turbulence are extended, can be heard more caudally
What causes abnormal bronchial sound when eribronchal tissue contains less air
- bronchitis/ pneumonia/ pulmonary neoplasia
- pneumothorax
where can we hear the abnormal bronchial sounds when peribronchal tissue contain less air
- over air containing cavities
- dorsal to the pleural fluid level
list the adventitious respiratory sounds heard only in pathological cases (ronchi)
- moist / wet ronchi - non musical ronchi
- crepitation ( coarse crackles)
- crackling
- rattling sound (fine crackling)
- dry ronchi - musical ronchi
- whistling
- wheezing
describe non musical bronchi
sudden arising and stopping sounds
describe musical ronchi
continous sounds
describe whistling
high musical sound
HUIH sound
describe wheezing
low musical sound
BUUUUU sound
what are the similar sounds to:
crepitation
crackling
rettling
- hair rubbing
- burning wood
- sucking coke with a straw
what causes crepitation and crackling
bronchioli opening and closing
bronchopneumonia
what causes rattling sound
moving fluid in trachea or bronchi
lung edema
what causes musical ronchi
narrowed airways
what causes whistling
accelerated airflow
what causes wheezing
vibration of the airway walls
COPD
list the other abnormal sounds heard on the thorax
- stridor
- rubbing (pleural friction)
- splashing
- metallic sound
describe stridor
strong tenotic sound during inspiration
what sound is similar to stridor
sertorous sound, pharynx
what can cause stridor
upper airway stenosis
describe rubbing sound
rubbing, scratching sound
what sound is similar to rubbing
hand scratching, snow cracking
what can cause rubbing
rubbing of pleural surfaces (dry pleuritis)
describe splashing
gas and fluid movement
what sound is similar to splashing
shaking a bottle of water
what can cause splashing
gas/fluid in cavities
ichorous pericarditis
pleuritis
describe metallic sound
fluid drops on fluid
what sound is similar to metallic sound
PLOM-PLOM sound
hahahahah jeg orker ikke
what can cause metallic sound
ichorous exudate in caverns
aspiration pneumonia
list the things to describe abnormal respiratory sounds (ronchi)
a. place
b. strength
c. type
d. respiratory phase when heard
e temporary or permanent
list the classification / types of ronchi
nonmusical ronchi
musical ronchi
what sounds are classified as non musical ronchi
crepitation
crackling or rattling
why nonmusical
its sudden arising and stopping sounds
non continous
where is non musical ronchi generated
at the beginning or end of inspiration, sometimes continuing to the beginning of expiration
occur in areas not adequately filled with air but infiltrated with fluid
what are the further subdivisions of non musical ronchi
- early inspiratory or expiratory crepitation and crackling
- late inspiratory crepitation and crackling
what causes early inspiratory or expiratory crepitation and crackling
obstruction of bronchi more than 2 mm in diameter
bronchopneumonia, COPD
what causes late inspiratory crepitation and crackling
compression of the bronchi that are less than 2 mm in diameter pulmonary edema interstitial pneumonia neoplasms pulmonary emphysema
what sounds belong to the musical ronchi
whistling and wheezing
why musical
it i a continous sound
in who does musical ronchi occur
in patients with obstructive lung diseases that result in active expiration
partly due to the venturi effect, larger airways become so narro that they almost come in contact
how does musical ronchi occur
the walls begin to vibrate between the open and almost closed state, and produce a musical tone
(insp - exp)
list the subtypes of musical ronchi
- ronchi during inspiration
- ronchi during late inspiration
- ronchi during expiration
what is the cause of rinchi during inspiration
extrathoracal
caused by upper airway obstruction
what is the cause of ronchi during late inspiration
intrathoracal resonant sound
originate from bronchial compression caused by enlarged lung parenchyma
what is the cause of ronchi during expiration
intrathoracal resonant sound
originate from obstruction of bronchi and bronchioli
COPD, bronchopneumonia
