6.2 Respiratory sounds of the healthy animals, abnormal respiratory sounds

Question 1

Which side do you auscultate on?

Answer 1

left side

Question 2

Explain: Normal (physiological) respiratory sound

Answer 2

Soft, blowing sound
Stronger in carnivores,
sometimes bronchial like

Question 3

Explain : Bronchial sound

laryngotracheobronchial

Answer 3

Strong, audible
blowing sound
H sound during insp/exp ‘‘hhhhhhhhh’’

Question 4

Explain: Bronchial like

(tracheobronchial) sound

Answer 4

Deeper, softer,

harsher than the bronchial sound like F and H together ‘‘FHHHHHHF’’

Question 5

Where can you hear the normal bronchial respiratory sound?

Answer 5

can be heard above the larynx and trachea under physiological
conditions

Question 6

How is the bronchial respiratory sound produced?

Answer 6

produced by a stenotic effect of the relatively solid (cartilagineous) airway of the larynx, trachea

Question 7

Why does the bronchial respiratory sound develop?

Answer 7

it is due to vortex formation of the inhaled air within the gradually narrowing passages of the upper respiratory tract.

Question 8

Where is the bronchial respiratory sound best heard?

Answer 8

Over the anterior part of the respiratory area where the larger bronchi are relatively near to the surface of the body (large bronchial area)

Question 9

describe the bronchial like respiratory sound

Answer 9

• in between the normal and bronchial sound
• quieter, deeper, rougher than bronchial
• can be normal during inhalation in cow, dog, cat, swine
• always nomal during expiration

Question 10

when can we hear abnormal bronchial sound

Answer 10

• always during exhalation
• during rapid respiration above narrow upper airway
• when peribronchal lung tissue contains less air

Question 11

what can cause abnormal bronchial sound

Answer 11

stiffer bronchial wall or inflitration around the bronchial wall

Question 12

what causes abnormal bronchial sound during rapid respiration

Answer 12

the turbulence is so intensified that the borders of turbulence are extended, can be heard more caudally

Question 13

What causes abnormal bronchial sound when eribronchal tissue contains less air

Answer 13

• bronchitis/ pneumonia/ pulmonary neoplasia

- pneumothorax

Question 14

where can we hear the abnormal bronchial sounds when peribronchal tissue contain less air

Answer 14

• over air containing cavities

- dorsal to the pleural fluid level

Question 15

list the adventitious respiratory sounds heard only in pathological cases (ronchi)

Answer 15

• moist / wet ronchi - non musical ronchi
• crepitation ( coarse crackles)
• crackling
• rattling sound (fine crackling)
• dry ronchi - musical ronchi
• whistling
• wheezing

Question 16

describe non musical bronchi

Answer 16

sudden arising and stopping sounds

Question 17

describe musical ronchi

Answer 17

continous sounds

Question 18

describe whistling

Answer 18

high musical sound

HUIH sound

Question 19

describe wheezing

Answer 19

low musical sound

BUUUUU sound

Question 20

what are the similar sounds to:
crepitation
crackling
rettling

Answer 20

• hair rubbing
• burning wood
• sucking coke with a straw

Question 21

what causes crepitation and crackling

Answer 21

bronchioli opening and closing

bronchopneumonia

Question 22

what causes rattling sound

Answer 22

moving fluid in trachea or bronchi

lung edema

Question 23

what causes musical ronchi

Answer 23

narrowed airways

Question 24

what causes whistling

Answer 24

accelerated airflow

Question 25

what causes wheezing

Answer 25

vibration of the airway walls | COPD

Question 26

list the other abnormal sounds heard on the thorax

Answer 26

- stridor - rubbing (pleural friction) - splashing - metallic sound

Question 27

describe stridor

Answer 27

strong tenotic sound during inspiration

Question 28

what sound is similar to stridor

Answer 28

sertorous sound, pharynx

Question 29

what can cause stridor

Answer 29

upper airway stenosis

Question 30

describe rubbing sound

Answer 30

rubbing, scratching sound

Question 31

what sound is similar to rubbing

Answer 31

hand scratching, snow cracking

Question 32

what can cause rubbing

Answer 32

rubbing of pleural surfaces (dry pleuritis)

Question 33

describe splashing

Answer 33

gas and fluid movement

Question 34

what sound is similar to splashing

Answer 34

shaking a bottle of water

Question 35

what can cause splashing

Answer 35

gas/fluid in cavities ichorous pericarditis pleuritis

Question 36

describe metallic sound

Answer 36

fluid drops on fluid

Question 37

what sound is similar to metallic sound

Answer 37

PLOM-PLOM sound | hahahahah jeg orker ikke

Question 38

what can cause metallic sound

Answer 38

ichorous exudate in caverns | aspiration pneumonia

Question 39

list the things to describe abnormal respiratory sounds (ronchi)

Answer 39

a. place b. strength c. type d. respiratory phase when heard e temporary or permanent

Question 40

list the classification / types of ronchi

Answer 40

nonmusical ronchi | musical ronchi

Question 41

what sounds are classified as non musical ronchi

Answer 41

crepitation | crackling or rattling

Question 42

why nonmusical

Answer 42

its sudden arising and stopping sounds | non continous

Question 43

where is non musical ronchi generated

Answer 43

at the beginning or end of inspiration, sometimes continuing to the beginning of expiration occur in areas not adequately filled with air but infiltrated with fluid

Question 44

what are the further subdivisions of non musical ronchi

Answer 44

- early inspiratory or expiratory crepitation and crackling | - late inspiratory crepitation and crackling

Question 45

what causes early inspiratory or expiratory crepitation and crackling

Answer 45

obstruction of bronchi more than 2 mm in diameter | bronchopneumonia, COPD

Question 46

what causes late inspiratory crepitation and crackling

Answer 46

``` compression of the bronchi that are less than 2 mm in diameter pulmonary edema interstitial pneumonia neoplasms pulmonary emphysema ```

Question 47

what sounds belong to the musical ronchi

Answer 47

whistling and wheezing

Question 48

why musical

Answer 48

it i a continous sound

Question 49

in who does musical ronchi occur

Answer 49

in patients with obstructive lung diseases that result in active expiration partly due to the venturi effect, larger airways become so narro that they almost come in contact

Question 50

how does musical ronchi occur

Answer 50

the walls begin to vibrate between the open and almost closed state, and produce a musical tone (insp - exp)

Question 51

list the subtypes of musical ronchi

Answer 51

- ronchi during inspiration - ronchi during late inspiration - ronchi during expiration

Question 52

what is the cause of rinchi during inspiration

Answer 52

extrathoracal | caused by upper airway obstruction

Question 53

what is the cause of ronchi during late inspiration

Answer 53

intrathoracal resonant sound | originate from bronchial compression caused by enlarged lung parenchyma

Question 54

what is the cause of ronchi during expiration

Answer 54

intrathoracal resonant sound originate from obstruction of bronchi and bronchioli COPD, bronchopneumonia