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Small Animal Medicine 1 > 6.2 Respiratory sounds of the healthy animals, abnormal respiratory sounds > Flashcards

6.2 Respiratory sounds of the healthy animals, abnormal respiratory sounds Flashcards

1
Q

Which side do you auscultate on?

A

left side

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2
Q

Explain: Normal (physiological) respiratory sound

A

Soft, blowing sound
Stronger in carnivores,
sometimes bronchial like

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3
Q

Explain : Bronchial sound

laryngotracheobronchial

A

Strong, audible
blowing sound
H sound during insp/exp ‘‘hhhhhhhhh’’

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4
Q

Explain: Bronchial like

(tracheobronchial) sound

A

Deeper, softer,

harsher than the bronchial sound like F and H together ‘‘FHHHHHHF’’

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5
Q

Where can you hear the normal bronchial respiratory sound?

A

can be heard above the larynx and trachea under physiological
conditions

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6
Q

How is the bronchial respiratory sound produced?

A

produced by a stenotic effect of the relatively solid (cartilagineous) airway of the larynx, trachea

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7
Q

Why does the bronchial respiratory sound develop?

A

it is due to vortex formation of the inhaled air within the gradually narrowing passages of the upper respiratory tract.

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8
Q

Where is the bronchial respiratory sound best heard?

A

Over the anterior part of the respiratory area where the larger bronchi are relatively near to the surface of the body (large bronchial area)

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9
Q

describe the bronchial like respiratory sound

A
  • in between the normal and bronchial sound
  • quieter, deeper, rougher than bronchial
  • can be normal during inhalation in cow, dog, cat, swine
  • always nomal during expiration
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10
Q

when can we hear abnormal bronchial sound

A
  • always during exhalation
  • during rapid respiration above narrow upper airway
  • when peribronchal lung tissue contains less air
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11
Q

what can cause abnormal bronchial sound

A

stiffer bronchial wall or inflitration around the bronchial wall

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12
Q

what causes abnormal bronchial sound during rapid respiration

A

the turbulence is so intensified that the borders of turbulence are extended, can be heard more caudally

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13
Q

What causes abnormal bronchial sound when eribronchal tissue contains less air

A
  • bronchitis/ pneumonia/ pulmonary neoplasia

- pneumothorax

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14
Q

where can we hear the abnormal bronchial sounds when peribronchal tissue contain less air

A
  • over air containing cavities

- dorsal to the pleural fluid level

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15
Q

list the adventitious respiratory sounds heard only in pathological cases (ronchi)

A
  • moist / wet ronchi - non musical ronchi
  • crepitation ( coarse crackles)
  • crackling
  • rattling sound (fine crackling)
  • dry ronchi - musical ronchi
  • whistling
  • wheezing
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16
Q

describe non musical bronchi

A

sudden arising and stopping sounds

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17
Q

describe musical ronchi

A

continous sounds

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18
Q

describe whistling

A

high musical sound

HUIH sound

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19
Q

describe wheezing

A

low musical sound

BUUUUU sound

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20
Q

what are the similar sounds to:
crepitation
crackling
rettling

A
  • hair rubbing
  • burning wood
  • sucking coke with a straw
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21
Q

what causes crepitation and crackling

A

bronchioli opening and closing

bronchopneumonia

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22
Q

what causes rattling sound

A

moving fluid in trachea or bronchi

lung edema

23
Q

what causes musical ronchi

A

narrowed airways

24
Q

what causes whistling

A

accelerated airflow

25
Q

what causes wheezing

A

vibration of the airway walls

COPD

26
Q

list the other abnormal sounds heard on the thorax

A
  • stridor
  • rubbing (pleural friction)
  • splashing
  • metallic sound
27
Q

describe stridor

A

strong tenotic sound during inspiration

28
Q

what sound is similar to stridor

A

sertorous sound, pharynx

29
Q

what can cause stridor

A

upper airway stenosis

30
Q

describe rubbing sound

A

rubbing, scratching sound

31
Q

what sound is similar to rubbing

A

hand scratching, snow cracking

32
Q

what can cause rubbing

A

rubbing of pleural surfaces (dry pleuritis)

33
Q

describe splashing

A

gas and fluid movement

34
Q

what sound is similar to splashing

A

shaking a bottle of water

35
Q

what can cause splashing

A

gas/fluid in cavities
ichorous pericarditis
pleuritis

36
Q

describe metallic sound

A

fluid drops on fluid

37
Q

what sound is similar to metallic sound

A

PLOM-PLOM sound

hahahahah jeg orker ikke

38
Q

what can cause metallic sound

A

ichorous exudate in caverns

aspiration pneumonia

39
Q

list the things to describe abnormal respiratory sounds (ronchi)

A

a. place
b. strength
c. type
d. respiratory phase when heard
e temporary or permanent

40
Q

list the classification / types of ronchi

A

nonmusical ronchi

musical ronchi

41
Q

what sounds are classified as non musical ronchi

A

crepitation

crackling or rattling

42
Q

why nonmusical

A

its sudden arising and stopping sounds

non continous

43
Q

where is non musical ronchi generated

A

at the beginning or end of inspiration, sometimes continuing to the beginning of expiration
occur in areas not adequately filled with air but infiltrated with fluid

44
Q

what are the further subdivisions of non musical ronchi

A
  • early inspiratory or expiratory crepitation and crackling

- late inspiratory crepitation and crackling

45
Q

what causes early inspiratory or expiratory crepitation and crackling

A

obstruction of bronchi more than 2 mm in diameter

bronchopneumonia, COPD

46
Q

what causes late inspiratory crepitation and crackling

A 
compression of the bronchi that are less than 2 mm in diameter
pulmonary edema
interstitial pneumonia
neoplasms
pulmonary emphysema
47
Q

what sounds belong to the musical ronchi

A

whistling and wheezing

48
Q

why musical

A

it i a continous sound

49
Q

in who does musical ronchi occur

A

in patients with obstructive lung diseases that result in active expiration
partly due to the venturi effect, larger airways become so narro that they almost come in contact

50
Q

how does musical ronchi occur

A

the walls begin to vibrate between the open and almost closed state, and produce a musical tone
(insp - exp)

51
Q

list the subtypes of musical ronchi

A
  • ronchi during inspiration
  • ronchi during late inspiration
  • ronchi during expiration
52
Q

what is the cause of rinchi during inspiration

A

extrathoracal

caused by upper airway obstruction

53
Q

what is the cause of ronchi during late inspiration

A

intrathoracal resonant sound

originate from bronchial compression caused by enlarged lung parenchyma

54
Q

what is the cause of ronchi during expiration

A

intrathoracal resonant sound
originate from obstruction of bronchi and bronchioli
COPD, bronchopneumonia

Small Animal Medicine 1 (22 decks)

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