Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Small Animal Medicine 1 > 10 exam of cardiovascular organs, blood vessels > Flashcards

10 exam of cardiovascular organs, blood vessels Flashcards

1
Q

what is the order of the cariovascular examination

A
  • history
  • general condition
  • detailed examination of the cardiovascular system
  • heart
  • blood vessels: arterial, venous, capillary sytem
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the method for examining arteries

A
  • digital palpation - pulse, pulse pressure
  • blood pressure measurement - direct or indirect
  • blood flow registration ( doppler US)
  • pulse wave velocity (human)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is pulse pressure

A

difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

how do we calculate systemic arterial blood pressure

A

cardiac output x total peripheral resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is cardiac output

A

heart rate ejection volume:

  • circuating blood
  • heart contraction
  • integrity of cardiac structures
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is total periferal resistance

A
  • vessel diameter
  • elasticity of vessels
  • blood viscosity (PCV)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

which artery is available for digital palpation in dog and cat

A

femoral artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is important when we examine arterial pulse

A

should be palpated on both sides

should be symmetrical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

list the physiological findings during arterial pulse examination

A
  • symmetricity
  • rate: physiological
  • rythm: regular
  • size, strength and duration: even, normal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is irregular and uneven pulse called in latin

A
  • pulsus irregularis

- pulsus inequalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what can be the abnormal findings of the size of the arterial pulse

A
  • large, hyperkinetic ( pulsus magnus)

- small, hypokinetic (pulsus parvus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are the abnormal compressibility findings during arterial pulse examination

A
  • strong or weak -> cardiac function

- hard or soft -> vascular tone (p. durus/mollis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what er the abnormal duration findings during arterial pulse exam

A
  • sluggish (p. tardus)
  • skipping (p. celer)
  • size + duration: full (p. plenus) or empty (p. vacuus)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what abnormal findings do we have for pulse quality

A
  • small, brief hard: wiry
  • small, prolonged and weak: thready
  • skipping and large: bumping
  • thrill
  • paradox pulse
  • pulsus alterans
  • pulse deficit
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is latin for wiry and thready pulse type

A
  • wiry = p. contractus

- thready = p. piliformis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what causes thready pulse

A

heart failiure

hypovolemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is latin for bumping pulse and what causes it

A
  • p. celer et magnus
  • corrigan pulse:
  • PDA
  • aortic insufficiency
  • anemia
  • fever
  • bradycardia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what causes the thrill pulse

A

partly compressed artery

anemia?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is latin for paradox pulse

and what causes it

A
  • p. paradoxus
  • changing with respiration
  • cardiac tamponade
20
Q

what causes pulsus alternans

A
  • arrythmia or cardiomyopathy
21
Q

what is pulse deficit

A

no pulse wave after heart beat

22
Q

what methods do we use to examine the veins

A
  • inspection
  • palpation
  • measurement of central venous pressure
23
Q

what veins are available for examination

A

V. jugularis

24
Q

what are the two main things we examine in the veins

A
  • degree of fullness

- movement within the veins

25
Q

degree of fullness

how should the jugular vein normally be

A

empty

26
Q

how can we check the degree of fullness of the veins

A

venous stasis compression test

27
Q

what results can be abnormal in a venous stasis compression test

A
  • abnormally slow - poor filling
  • vein stands out and feels tense
  • congestion
  • positive venous stasis test
28
Q

what is a positive venous stasis test

A
  • no emptying below the compression point

- or no disapperance of venous undulation

29
Q

what causes a positive venous stasis test

A
  • compression
  • right sided heart failiure
  • pericardial tamponade
30
Q

list the things we check for when examining movement within veins

A
  • undulation
  • negative or atrial venous pulse
  • positive or ventricular pulse
  • hepatojubular reflux
31
Q

movement within veins

cause of undulation

A
  • influenced by breathing

- dyspnea

32
Q

movement within veins

what is negative or atrial venous pulse

A
  • increased right atrial pressure during diastole

- can be normal or due to right sided heart fail

33
Q

movement within veins

what is positive or ventricular pulse

A
  • increased right ventricular pressure and improper valve closure during systole
  • always pathological (right sided heart fail)
34
Q

what is physiological movements within the veins

A
  • respiratory, diastolic, false (carotis pulse)
  • max ventral 1/3 of neck
  • disappears with compression test
35
Q

what is pathological vein pulse

A
  • systolic
  • pronounced, over the ventral third of neck
  • persists after compression test
36
Q

is congested jugular vein pathological

A

always pathological!!

37
Q

how do we check central venous pressure directly

A
  • catheterization

- accurate, fluid replacement, invasive

38
Q

how do we check central venous pressure indirectly

A
  • examination of peripheral veins
  • v, jugularis, v. saphena, v. cava caud.
  • US, x ray
  • liver size
39
Q

what do we use indirect central venous pressure test for

A

determination of venous congestion

40
Q

indirect central venous pressure in dogs

A
  • lateral recumbency collapse of v. saphena about 5 cm above zero point
  • T7-table + sternum-table / 2
41
Q

indirect central venous pressure in dogs

A
  • lateral recumbency collapse of v. saphena about 5 cm above zero point
  • T7-table + sternum-table / 2
42
Q

how do we examine the capillaries

A

examination of the mucous membranes

43
Q

examination of the capillaries

what mucous membranes should we examine

A

both cranial and caudal mm should be examined

44
Q

examination of the capillaries

what are the pathologic colors of the mucous membranes

A
  • cyanotic: poor oxygenation

- pale: anemia, vasoconstriction

45
Q

examination of the capillaries

what can cause delayed CRT

A

dehydration, vasoconstriction

46
Q

examination of the capillaries

how can we differentiate the fullness of the capillaries

A
  • empty - peripheral circulatory insufficiency: livid mm
  • increased fulness of the arterioles: light red mm
  • overfilling of the venules - congestion: violet mm
47
Q

examination of the capillaries

list the things we can look for

A
  • color
  • CRT
  • fullness of capillaries

Small Animal Medicine 1 (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions