13.Examination of the endocrine organs Flashcards
Main endocrine organs:
Pituitary gland parathyroid gland ovaries adrenal gland thyroid gland pancreas testes.
Which diseases are more common in dogs?
More common: • Hypothyroidism • Diabetes mellitus • Hypercortisolism (Cushing-syndrome) • Hypoadrenocorticism (Addison-disease)
Which diseases are more common in cats?
More common:
• Hyperthyroidism
• Diabetes mellitus
What are important signs?
Appetite PU/PD activity other organ system signs (vomitus, diarrhea, neuro signs , skin abnormalities) Previous medication.
Values of PD:
Dog: > 90-100 ml/kg/day
Cat: > 50 ml/kg/day
values of PU:
> 50 ml/kg/day
When should you consider PU?
- Previously house-trained dog starts to void urine in the house
- More frequent need to change the litter, cat urinates beside the litter
- Distended bladder palpated by a dehydrated animal
What can make PU hard to diagnose?
- Multi-animal households
- Outdoor access
Which glands are possible to check with a physical exam?
Thyroid gland and testicles
Which examinations are done to check the endocrine glands?
Blood examination and urinalysis
Which blood examinations are done to check the endocrine glands?
– Hematology
– Biochemistry (glucose, ALKP, lipids, Na, K, Ca…)
– Hormonal assays
What are checked in the urinalysis?
– USG, glucose, keton, secondary urinary tract infections
– Hormone assays from the urine (UCCR)
what is the goal of the lab examinations?
– Find the consequences of hormonal disease
– Find concurrent diseases
– Exclude/diagnose other diseases causing similar symptoms
which test are done to determined a hypofunction?
a stimulation test
which test are done to determined a hyperfunction?
suppression test
