5. Respiratory system thorax Flashcards
How do we examine the thorax?
- inspection
- palpation
- auscultation
- percussion
What are the further examination methods of the thorax?
- X-ray
- ultrasonography
- endoscopy
- bronchial fluid sample (BAL)
- bronchial fluid analysis
- thoracocentesis, biopsy
- CT, MR, scintigraphy
- thoracotomy
- lung function testing
- blood count, acid-base analysis
What do you look for in a bronchial fluid analysis?
Quality Cytological Bacteriological Mycological Virological Parasitological
How do you take a bronchial fluid sample?
-via endoscope or transtracheal wash
Standpoint of a chest inspection:
- skin
- size, shape
- bilateral symmetry
- local deformities
Standpoint of a respiratory movements (RM)
a) frequency
b) rhythm
c) type
d) depth
Thorax inspection:
- Chest
- Respiratory movements (RM)
What is the frequency of respiratory movements?
30/min!!!!
What is increased respiratory frequency called?
polypnea or tachypnea
What is decreased respiratory frequency called?
olygopnea or bradypnea
How does the respiratory frequency increase normally?
under movement excitement work high temperature, obesity pregnancy
How does the respiratory frequency increase abnormally?
fever, hypoxia, hypercapnia, pain, in respiratory
organs
How does the respiratory frequency decrease abnormally?
CNS diseases, barbiturate toxicosis, shock, agony
How do you describe a normal respiratory rhythm?
Periodic rhythmical inspiration and expiration, inspiration is a little bit longer
How do we describe a normal respiratory types?
costal-costoabdominal in dogs and cats
How do we describe an abnormal respiratory types?
Costal respiration or Abdominal respiration