Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Small Animal Medicine 1 > 18. Examination of the nervous system 4. > Flashcards

18. Examination of the nervous system 4. Flashcards

1
Q

What does Hyposomia mean?

A

partial loss of smell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does anosomia mean?

A

complete loss of smell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How do you examine N.olfactorius?

A

– Use strong stimulatory objects/materials – Use food – Exclude vision (→II.!)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does N.olfactorius do?

A

smelling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does N.opticus do?

A

vision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Test for vision:

A 
– blindness: amaurosis 
– falling cotton test (tracking) 
– leading the animal to objects 
– pupillary light reaction (+III.) 
– threat/menace reflex (+VII.) 
– optical placing test
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is threat/menace reflex?

A

Fast hand gesture against eye, avoid air current and sensory hairs, animals should blink.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is Anisocoria?

A

uneven size of pupils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is mydriasis?

A

dilation of pupils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is miosis?

A

constriction of pupils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which nerves do we examine when we examinate the position and movements of the eyeballs?

A

n. oculomotorius (III.), n. trochlearis (IV.) and n. abducens (VI.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Examination of the position and movement of the eyeballs, what is the normal reaction?

A

the eyeballs move simultaneously

and their axis are parallel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Explain physiological nystagmus:

A

moving of head elicits involuntary eye movements (+VIII.)

fast phase toward direction of movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q 
Explain pathological (spontaneous)
nystagmus:
A

– Horizontal
– Vertical
– Rotatory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What happens when the animal have a III.paralysis?

A

strabismus divergens

ventrolateralis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What happens when the animal have a IV.paralysis?

A

strabismus medioventralis

17
Q

What happens when the animal have a VI.paralysis?

A

strabismus convergens
(medialis)
+ exophtalmus

18
Q

What are strabism?

A
  • Abnormal position of the eyeballs (uni- or bilateral)

- They are not parallel

19
Q

What does N.Trigeminus do?

A

Feeling of face, motor and sensory

20
Q

What is the motor function of the N.trigeminus?

A

– Innervation of m. temporalis and masseter:
prehension of food, drinking and chewing

– Paralysis: sagging lower jaw – exclude rabies!

– Tic: repeated contractions of chewing muscles
(e.g. distemper)

– Trismus: tonic spasm of chewing muscles
(e.g. tetanus, myositis)

21
Q

Which reflexes do we check when we check the N.trigeminus?

A

Corneal reflex and palpebral reflex, checking testing lateral and medial canthus.

22
Q

what is the sensory function of N.facialis?

A

Gustatory fibers to rostral 2/3 of tongue

23
Q

What is the motor function of N.facialis?

A

– Nasal plane, lips, eyelids, mimic muscles, pinnae
– Threat reflex (+II.)
– Palpebral reflex (+V.)
– Corneal reflex (+V.)

24
Q

What kind of paralysis do the animal get when N.facialis is paralysed?

A
  • Nasal plane is drawn toward healthy side (unilateral)
  • Sagging of upper eyelid(s): ptosis
  • Sagging of lip(s)
  • Sagging of ears (central damage)
25
Q

Explain the disfunction of the vesticular nerve?

A 
It is called vestibular syndrom:
• Ipsilateral head tilt
• Ipsilateral leaning and falling
• Nystagmus: mostly horizontal,
slow phase toward side of lesion
• Mental state unaffected
26
Q

How do we examine the hearing?

A

– Calling, clapping outside vision field

27
Q

What is anacusis?

A

deafness

28
Q

What does N. glossopharyngeus (IX.) and n. vagus (X.) innervate?

A

Innervation of pharynx, larynx – Sensory: IX. (+ caudal 1/3 of tongue) – Motor: X.

29
Q

What happens if N. glossopharyngeus (IX.) and n. vagus (X.) is paralysed?

A

– Swallowing problem (dysphagia)
– Paralysis laryngealis
• Unilateral: altered vocalization
• Bilateral: inspiratory dyspnoe

30
Q

How do we check the swallowing reflex?

A 
– With water 
– Feeding 
– Touching base of tongue
(Rule out rabies!) 
– External compression of throat
31
Q

What does N.accesorius innervate?

A

– M. trapesius
– M. sternocephalicus
– M. brachiocephalicus

32
Q

How is paralysis of N.accessorius visible?

A

– Sagging of head

– Atrophy of muscles on neck, shoulder

33
Q

what is N-hypoglossus responsible for?

A

Responsible for protruding and retracting the tongue

34
Q

How is paralysis of the N.hypoglossus visible?

A

– Bilateral lesion: prolapse of the tongue

– Unilateral lesion: contralateral deviation of the tongue

35
Q

How do we examine the n.hypoglossus?

A

– Protrusion and withdrawal of tongue after swallowing

– Strength of retraction after grasping the tongue

Small Animal Medicine 1 (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions