19exam of spinal refelx and pain sensation

Question 1

spinal reflexes

definition of a reflex, cranial or spinal

Answer 1

an involuntaruy an immediate response to an appropriate stimulus

Question 2

spinal reflexes

evaluation grades of a reflex

Answer 2

0-areflexia
1-hyporeflexia
2-normorflexia
3-hyperreflexia
4-hyperreflexia with clonus

Question 3

spinal reflexes

what is hyperreflexia with clonus

Answer 3

series of rapid contraction of a muscle in response to a single stimulus

Question 4

spinal reflexes

what abnormal reflexes do we have

Answer 4

reflex irradiation
contralateral reflex (crossed)

Question 5

spinal reflexes

what is reflex irradiation

Answer 5

a reflex elicited in a larger area or muscle group than expected

Question 6

spinal reflexes

what is contralateral reflex

Answer 6

a reflex elicited in response to a stimulus applied to the other side of the body

Question 7

spinal reflexes

classification of spinal refelexes

Answer 7

propriceptive reflexes (myotatic, streatch)
nociceptive reflexes (pain)

Question 8

spinal reflexes

list the propriceptive reflexes

Answer 8

thoracic limb reflexes 
       extensor carpi radialis reflex
       triceps reflex
       biceps refelx
pelvic limb refelx 
      patellar reflex (quadriceps) important 
      achilles refelx ( gastrocnemius)

Question 9

spinal reflexes

list the nociceptive reflexes

Answer 9

flexor reflex (withdrawal)
perineal reflex
panniculus reflex
(all are important)

Question 10

spinal reflexes
extensor carpi radialis reflex
name the nerve and the center

Answer 10

afferent and efferent nerve: n. radialis

center: C7-T1

Question 11

spinal reflexes
triceps refelx
name the nerve and the center

Answer 11

afferent and efferent nerve: n. radialsi

center: C7-T1

Question 12

spinal reflexes
biceps reflex
name the nerve and the center

Answer 12

afferent and efferent nerve: n. musculocutaneous

center: C6-C8

Question 13

spinal reflexes
biceps reflex
how is it done

Answer 13

1. forefinger placed on the tendon of biceps muscle and the finger is struck
2. the tendon is directly struck (difficult)

Question 14

spinal reflexes
patellar reflex
nerve and center

Answer 14

afferent and efferent nerve: n. femoralis

center: L4-L6

Question 15

spinal reflexes
achilles reflex
nerve and center

Answer 15

afferent and efferent nerve: n. sciaticus (tibialis)

center: L6-S2

Question 16

spinal reflexes
flexor (withdrawal) reflex
thoracic limb

Answer 16

thoracic center: C6-T1
all flexors are involved
squeeze the paw?
not the same as a concious pain sensation

Question 17

spinal reflexes
flexor (withdrawal) reflex
pelvic limb

Answer 17

pelvic limb center: L4-S1
all flexor muscles are involved
pinch the interdigital web between any of the digits

Question 18

spinal reflexes
preineal reflex
nerves and center

Answer 18

afferent nerve: n. pudendalis
efferent nerve:
anal sphincter: n. pudendalis
tail flexion: n. rectalis caudalis
center: S1-S3

Question 19

spinal reflexes
panniculus reflex
nerves and center

Answer 19

afferent nerve: spinal segments
efferent nerve: n. thoracicus lateralis
center: C7-T1

Question 20

spinal reflexes
panniculus reflex
how is it done

Answer 20

pinch skin at level of L7

bilateral contraction of cutaneous trnci muscle should be seen

Question 21

examination of pain perception

how can we provoke superficial pain

Answer 21

skin /mucous membrane: pinching with haemostat or prick with needle
pain provoking percussion

Question 22

examination of pain perception

what is normal response to superficial pain

Answer 22

skin twitch, leg withdrawal = spinal reflex
behavioural: crying, biting, turning to direction of pai
concious pain perception

Question 23

examination of pain perception

what is the pathway of superficial pain

Answer 23

receptor - spinal ganglion - thalamus - cortex

Question 24

examination of pain perception

list the evaluation of the superficial pain

Answer 24

normaesthesia
hyperaesthesia
anaesthesia
paraesthesia

Question 25

examination of pain perception

deep pain, how

Answer 25

squeezing digit or claw with haemostat

only check if superficial pain is absence

Question 26

examination of spinal pain

signs

Answer 26

stiff neck, not leaning down to bowl

not jumping on sofa, not standing on hind legs, not walking on stairs