11. Gastrointestinal system Flashcards
what should the vet ask about when it come to the history? (GI)
- Eating
- Vomiting-regurgitation
- Defecation
- Anus (observation, palpation)
- Feces
- Distended abdomen
What about eating is important to know?
Appetite, weight loss,
picking up, chewing, swallowing
what about the defecation is important?
- position (posture)
- frequency
- pain, tenesmus, incontinence
What about the feces is important?
quantity, quality (form,color, smell, consistency, abnormal comp.) fecal digestion test
what can the age indicate when it comes to GI problems?
Young: infectious diseases
Older: neoplastic diseases, chronic enteropathies
Which disease are associated with the german shepherd ?
FRE, ARD, IBD; EPI
Which disease are associated with the yorkshire terrier, rottweiler,
pug, bolo/havanese; ?
Lymphangiectasia
What signs do we look for in the feces?
Stool volume, mucus, blood, fat
What defecation signs do we look for ?
Tenesmus, urgency, frequency
What are ‘other’ signs we look for when we determine if it is a SI-disease or LI-disease?
Vomiting, gas and weight loss
What are the main differences between SBD and LBD?
SI-disease: stool volume are large, watery and weight loss are common.
LI-disease: the stool volume is small, dense, mucus are common, tenesmus defecation is common and the frequency are >6.
what are the additional examination methods for the digestive tract?
• Laboratory examination (blood, urine, feces, gastric content, abdominal fluid) • X-Ray (plain, contrast, gastric emptying) • Ultrasound • Endoscopy (laparoscopy) • Fluoroscopy • Abdominocentesis • Laparotomy • Biopsy, FNA (cytology) • CT, MR
What are the parts of the digestive tract and how do we examine them?
HEAD
– External
– Internal
OESOPHAGUS
ABDOMEN – Inspection – Palpation – Percussion – Auscultation
ANUS
– Digital rectal palpation RDP
How do we examine the head?
- Outer part
- Inner part
what on the outer part of the head do we examine?
lips, chewing, musculature (cheeks), facial bones
what on the inner part of the head do we examine?
Oral cavity (mouth): Cheeks mucous membrane teeth tongue, hard and soft palate pharynx tonsils, salivary glands and salivation
What are the normal teeth of a dog?
Dog:
3I 1C 4P 2M
3I 1C 4P 3M
What are the normal teeth of a cat?
Cat:
3I 1C 3P 1M
3I 1C 2P 1M
What do you check when checking the teeth?
Number shape occlusion/closure surface colour, tartar (plaque/cremor/calculus) pain movability, percussion sound
What do you check on the tongue?
– Shape, size, surface (lesions,papillas), colour, consistency/ tone, movability
What do we check on the gingiva?
Colour, surface intactnes, moisture
What do we check on the salivary glands
Size, colour, surface
what do you examine in the oesophagus:
• Topographical anatomy • Function • Examination technique -inspection -palpation • Additional examination Xray, (plain, contrast) oesophagoscopy
what are the check points for the inspection of the abdomen?
-size
-form
(from both sides and above body change position)
-skin surface, haircoat
-local deformaties, mass
