6.1- Classical Conditioning Flashcards
learning
a process by which behaviour or knowledge changes as a result of experiences [rewards + punishments]
classical conditioning
a form of associative learning in which an organism learns to associate a neutral stimulus (sound) with a biologically relevant stimulus (food) which results in a change in the previously neutral stimulus
stimulus
a external event or cue that elicits a perceptual response [food, water, sex]
unconditioned stimulus (US)
a stimulus that elicits a reflexive response without learning (the food you smell that makes you hungry)
Unconditioned response (UR)
a reflexive, unlearned reaction to a unconditioned stimulus (getting hungry after smelling food)
conditioned stimulus (CS)
a once neutral stimulus that later elicits a conditioned response because it has a history of being paired with an un-conditioned stimulus (the ‘clicker’ from pavlovs dogs)
Conditioned response (CR)
the learned response that occurs to the conditioned stimulus (dog salivating from clicker)
EX: [Associating a doctors office with pain from getting a needle in the past] What is the ‘US’?
the needle
EX: [Associating a doctors office with pain from getting a needle in the past] What is the ‘UR’?
the pain caused from the needle
EX: [Associating a doctors office with pain from getting a needle in the past] What is the ‘CS’?
sights and sounds at doctors office over time
EX: [Associating a doctors office with pain from getting a needle in the past] What is the ‘CR’?
triggered fear of the doctors office
Acquisition
the initial phase of learning in which a response is established [US paired with UR]
Extinction
the reduction of a conditioned response when a conditioned stimulus and unconditioned stimulus no longer occur together [when the routine is off or less]
Spontaneous Recover
the reoccurrence of a previously extinguished conditioned response, typically after some time as passed since extinction
generalization
a process in which a response that originally occurred for a specific stimulus also occurs for different, similar, stimuli [reaction from a sound similar to the ‘clicker’]
discrimination
which occurs when an organism learns to respond to one original conditioned stimulus but not to new stimuli that may be similar to the original stimulus
conditioned emotional response
consists of emotional and psychological responses that develop to a specific object or situation [little Albert video- creating fear of dogs]
conditioned taste aversion
associating a particular sensory cue with getting sick- therefor, avoiding sensory cue in the future [milkshake from middle school]
preparedness
a biological predisposition to rapidly learn a response to a particular class of stimuli [listening to a song while drinking the milkshake- only getting grossed out by milkshake]
latent inhibition
when frequent experiences with a stimuli before it is paired with a (US) makes it less likely that conditioning will occur after a single episode of illness [eating the same grilled cheese always- gets sick from it once- continues eating grilled cheese]
third-person effect
they assume that other people are more affected by advertising and mass media messages than they are themselves [drug influence: lighter, tobacco smell, elicit cravings]
systematic destination
procedure based on classical conditioning in which a person imagines or visualizes fearful or anxiety provoking stimuli and immediately uses deep relaxation to overcome the anxiety
behaviour psychology
study of ‘external’ behvaiour
