6.1- Classical Conditioning

Question 1

learning

Answer 1

a process by which behaviour or knowledge changes as a result of experiences [rewards + punishments]

Question 2

classical conditioning

Answer 2

a form of associative learning in which an organism learns to associate a neutral stimulus (sound) with a biologically relevant stimulus (food) which results in a change in the previously neutral stimulus

Question 3

stimulus

Answer 3

a external event or cue that elicits a perceptual response [food, water, sex]

Question 4

unconditioned stimulus (US)

Answer 4

a stimulus that elicits a reflexive response without learning (the food you smell that makes you hungry)

Question 5

Unconditioned response (UR)

Answer 5

a reflexive, unlearned reaction to a unconditioned stimulus (getting hungry after smelling food)

Question 6

conditioned stimulus (CS)

Answer 6

a once neutral stimulus that later elicits a conditioned response because it has a history of being paired with an un-conditioned stimulus (the ‘clicker’ from pavlovs dogs)

Question 7

Conditioned response (CR)

Answer 7

the learned response that occurs to the conditioned stimulus (dog salivating from clicker)

Question 8

EX: [Associating a doctors office with pain from getting a needle in the past] What is the ‘US’?

Answer 8

the needle

Question 9

EX: [Associating a doctors office with pain from getting a needle in the past] What is the ‘UR’?

Answer 9

the pain caused from the needle

Question 10

EX: [Associating a doctors office with pain from getting a needle in the past] What is the ‘CS’?

Answer 10

sights and sounds at doctors office over time

Question 11

EX: [Associating a doctors office with pain from getting a needle in the past] What is the ‘CR’?

Answer 11

triggered fear of the doctors office

Question 12

Acquisition

Answer 12

the initial phase of learning in which a response is established [US paired with UR]

Question 13

Extinction

Answer 13

the reduction of a conditioned response when a conditioned stimulus and unconditioned stimulus no longer occur together [when the routine is off or less]

Question 14

Spontaneous Recover

Answer 14

the reoccurrence of a previously extinguished conditioned response, typically after some time as passed since extinction

Question 15

generalization

Answer 15

a process in which a response that originally occurred for a specific stimulus also occurs for different, similar, stimuli [reaction from a sound similar to the ‘clicker’]

Question 16

discrimination

Answer 16

which occurs when an organism learns to respond to one original conditioned stimulus but not to new stimuli that may be similar to the original stimulus

Question 17

conditioned emotional response

Answer 17

consists of emotional and psychological responses that develop to a specific object or situation [little Albert video- creating fear of dogs]

Question 18

conditioned taste aversion

Answer 18

associating a particular sensory cue with getting sick- therefor, avoiding sensory cue in the future [milkshake from middle school]

Question 19

preparedness

Answer 19

a biological predisposition to rapidly learn a response to a particular class of stimuli [listening to a song while drinking the milkshake- only getting grossed out by milkshake]

Question 20

latent inhibition

Answer 20

when frequent experiences with a stimuli before it is paired with a (US) makes it less likely that conditioning will occur after a single episode of illness [eating the same grilled cheese always- gets sick from it once- continues eating grilled cheese]

Question 21

third-person effect

Answer 21

they assume that other people are more affected by advertising and mass media messages than they are themselves [drug influence: lighter, tobacco smell, elicit cravings]

Question 22

systematic destination

Answer 22

procedure based on classical conditioning in which a person imagines or visualizes fearful or anxiety provoking stimuli and immediately uses deep relaxation to overcome the anxiety

Question 23

behaviour psychology

Answer 23

study of ‘external’ behvaiour