16.3- Biomedical Therapies

Question 1

psychopharmacotherapy

Answer 1

the use of drugs to manage or reduce patients symptoms

Question 2

psychotropic drugs

Answer 2

medications designed to alter psychological functioning

Question 3

blood-brain barrier

Answer 3

network of lightly packed cells that allow only specific types of substances to move from the bloodstream to the brain in order to protect delicate brain cells agaisnt harmful infections and other substances

Question 4

antidepressant drugs

Answer 4

medication designed to reduce symptoms of depression (type #1)

Question 5

monaoxmine axidose inhibitors (MAOI’s)

Answer 5

which wake by deactivating monoamine oxidose, an enzyme that breaks down serotonin dopamine, and norepinephrine at the synaptic cleft of nerve cells (type #2)

Question 6

tricyclic antidepressants

Answer 6

drugs that block the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine

Question 7

selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)

Answer 7

a class of antidepressants drug that blocks that reuptake of serotonin (AKA more serotonin will remain in the synapse)

Question 8

mood stabilizer

Answer 8

drugs used to prevent or reduce the severity of mood swings experienced by people with bipolar disorder

Question 9

lithium

Answer 9

one of the first mood stabilizers to be prescribed regularly in psychiatry: from the 1950’s to the 1980’s was the standard drug treatment of depression or B.P

(can be toxic to kidneys and endocrine)

Question 10

anti-anxiety drugs

Answer 10

effect the activity of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on inhibitory neurotransmitter that reduces neural activity
(reduce nervousness and tension, reduce panic attacks)

Question 11

antipsychotic drugs

Answer 11

generally used to treat symptoms of psychosis, including delusions, hallucinations, and severely disturbed or disorganized thought
(common treatment for schizophrenia and prescribed to people with severe mood disorders)

Question 12

condition resistent to traditional therapy approaches…

Answer 12

post traumatic stress disorder

Question 13

post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Answer 13

a common psychological illness involving reoccurring thoughts, images, and nightmares associated with a traumatic event- it prompts symptoms of tension and anxiety and can seriously interfere with many aspects of a persons life

Question 14

possible treatment for PTSD

Answer 14

MDA (ecstasy) safe when used properly

Question 15

tardive dyskinesia

Answer 15

movement disorder involving involuntary movements and facial ties (drug side effect)

Question 16

atypical antipsychotics (second-generation antipsychotics)

Answer 16

less likely to produce side effects, including movement disorders (tardive dyskinesia) that commonly occur with first generation anti psychotics (affect dopamine and serotonin transmission)

Question 17

frontal lobotomy

Answer 17

surgically serving the connections between different regions of the brain

Question 18

leuocotomy

Answer 18

the surgical destruction of brain tissues in the prefrontal cortex

Question 19

focal lesions

Answer 19

small areas of brain tissue that are surgically destroyed
(used when all other forms of treatment did not succeed- depression and anxiety) - last solution

Question 20

electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

Answer 20

passing an electrical current through the brain in order to induce a temporary seizure
(reserved for more severe disorders such as depression and bipolar disorder)

Question 21

repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (RTMS)

Answer 21

therapeutic technique in which a focal area of the brain is exposed to a powerful magnetic field across several treatment seasons

Question 22

deep brain stimulation (DBS)

Answer 22

technique that involves electronically stimulating specific regions of the brain

Question 23

what is the process behind deep brain stimulation (DBS)

Answer 23

inserting thin electrode-tipped wires into the brain and carefully routing them to the targeted brain regions… produces instantaneous results, and seems to work on even severe cases of depression