13.2 - Social Cognition

Question 1

there are 2 types of major processes in our consciousness

Answer 1

1) explicit processes and 2) implicit processes

Question 2

explicit processes

Answer 2

corresponded roughly to “conscious” thought, and deliberative, effortful, relatively slow, and generally under our intentional control (our mind as we know it)

Question 3

implicit processes

Answer 3

comprise our “unconsciousness” thought; they are intuitive, automatic, effortless, very fast, and operate largely outside of our intentional control (more lower-level processes)

Question 3

dual-process models

Answer 3

models of behaviour that account for both implicit and explicit processes

Question 4

person perception

Answer 4

the processes by which individuals categorize and form judgments about other people

Question 5

thin slices of behaviour

Answer 5

very small samples of a persons behavior

Question 6

self-fulfilling prophecies

Answer 6

occur when a first impression (or an expectation) affect ones behaviour, and then that affects other peoples behaviour, leading one to “confirm” the initial impression or expectation

(ex: being nice to someone who looks nice… they are friendly in return)

Question 7

tendency to project the self-concept onto the social world is known as…

Answer 7

false consensus effect

Question 8

false consensus effect

Answer 8

assuming since you like Taylor Swift, everyone must also like Taylor Swift

Question 9

naive realism

Answer 9

assuming our perception of reality are accurate, and that we see things the way they truly are

Question 10

self-serving bias

Answer 10

biased ways of processing self-relevant information to enhance our positive self-elevation

Question 11

internal attribution (dispositional attribution)

Answer 11

when a observer explains the behaviour of an actor in terms of some innate quality of that person

(ex: you [observer] explain the actors behaviour [driver who cut in front of you] as an internal part of who the driver is as a human being aggressive jurk, bad driver, “idiot”

Question 12

external attributions (situational attributions)

Answer 12

whereby the observer explains the actors behavior as the result of the situation
(they swerved because they saw a cat, or they got a bad phone call)

Question 13

fundamental attribution error (FAE)

Answer 13

tendency to over-emphasize internal (dispositional) attributions and under-emphasize external (situational) factors when explaining other peoples behaviour

Question 13

ingroups

Answer 13

groups we feel positively toward and identify with (family, home, team, “buds”)

Question 13

outgroups

Answer 13

the “other” groups that we don’t identify with

Question 14

ingroup bias

Answer 14

as positive biases toward the self get extended to include ones ingroups, people become motivated to see their ingroups as superior to their outgroups

Question 15

stereotype

Answer 15

a cognitive structure, set of beliefs about the characteristics that are held by members of a specific social group (schemes)

Question 16

prejudice

Answer 16

an effective, emotional response to members of out groups, including holding negative attitudes and making critical judgments of other people

Question 17

discrimination

Answer 17

behaviour that dis-favours or disadvantages members of a certain social group (racism, sexism)

Question 18

implicit associations test (IAT)

Answer 18

1990’s- measures how fast people can respond to images or words flashed on a computer screen

Question 19

contact hypothesis

Answer 19

predicts that social contact between members of different groups is extremely important to overcoming prejudice (work together to develop friendship)