3.3- structure and organization and the nervous system

Question 1

central nervous system (CNS)

Answer 1

consists of the brain and the spinal cord

Question 2

peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Answer 2

a division of the neurons system that transmits signals between the brain and the rest of the body is divided into two subcomponents

Question 3

somatic nervous system

Answer 3

consists of nerves that control skeletal muscles, which are responsible for voluntary and reflexive movement

Question 4

autonomic nervous system

Answer 4

the portion of the peripheral nervous system responsible for regulating the activity of organs and glands

Question 5

sympathetic nervous system

Answer 5

responsible for the fight-or-flight response of a increased heart rate, dilated pupils, and decreased salivary flow-responses that (prepare the body for action)

Question 6

parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 6

helps return the body to a baseline, non emergency state (does the opposite of sympathetic nervous system)

Question 7

cerbal hemispheres

Answer 7

nearly symmetrical halves of the brain that contain the same structures

Question 8

top of spinal cord

Answer 8

brainstem “stem” or bottom of the brain - consists of 2 structures (medulla, and the pans)

Question 9

reticular formation

Answer 9

extends from the medulla upwards at the midbrain and is involved with attention and alertness

Question 10

cerebellum

Answer 10

the lobe like structure at the base of the brain that is involved in the monitoring of movement and maintaining balance, attention, and emotional responses (walking + posture)

Question 11

MIDBRAIN

Answer 11

resides just above the hindbrain, primarily functions as a relony station between sensory and motor areas

Question 12

endocrine system

Answer 12

a key part of human behaviour- consists of series of glands

Question 13

the forebrain

Answer 13

the most visibly obvious region of the brain, consists of all the neural structures that are located above the midbrain, including all of the fields and grooves on the outer surface of the brain

Question 14

the basal ganglia

Answer 14

a group of three structures that are involved in facilitating planned movements, skill learning, and integrating sensory and movement info

Question 15

limbic system

Answer 15

a integrated network involved in emotion and memory

Question 16

amygdala

Answer 16

facilitates memory formation for emotional events, mediates fear responses, recognizes emotional stimuli

Question 17

hippocampus

Answer 17

critical for learning and memory, particularly the formation of new memories (body temp, agression, sex)

Question 18

thalamus

Answer 18

a set of nuclei involved in relaying sensory info to different regions of the brain (what we see and hear)

Question 19

the cerebral cortex

Answer 19

the convoluted and wrinkled outer layer of the brain that is involved in multiple higher functions, such as thought, language, and personality

Question 20

occipital

Answer 20

located at the rear of the brain and where visual info is processed

Question 21

pairetal lobes

Answer 21

involved in our experience of touch as well as our bodily awareness

Question 22

neglect

Answer 22

a situation in which the patient does not attend to anything that appears in the left of their visual field

Question 23

temporal lobes

Answer 23

located at the sides of the brain near the ears and are involved in hearing, language, an some higher level aspects of vision such as object and face recognition

Question 24

frontal lobes

Answer 24

important in numerous higher cognitive functions: such as planning, regulating impulses, and emotions

Question 25

corpus callosum

Answer 25

a collection of neural fibers connecting the 2 cerbal hemispheres (work together to produce some of our behaviours)

Question 26

hemispheric specialization

Answer 26

a phenomenon when the 2 sides of the cortex often perform very different functions (right- visual and spatial skills… left: language and math)

Question 27

split brain patients

Answer 27

individuals with epilepsy who had their corpus callosum served in order to treat their seizures

Question 28

neuroplasticity

Answer 28

the capacity of the brain to change and rewire itself based on individual experience

Question 29

trophic factors (growth factors)

Answer 29

can stimulate the growth of new dendrites and axons