3.3- structure and organization and the nervous system Flashcards
central nervous system (CNS)
consists of the brain and the spinal cord
peripheral nervous system (PNS)
a division of the neurons system that transmits signals between the brain and the rest of the body is divided into two subcomponents
somatic nervous system
consists of nerves that control skeletal muscles, which are responsible for voluntary and reflexive movement
autonomic nervous system
the portion of the peripheral nervous system responsible for regulating the activity of organs and glands
sympathetic nervous system
responsible for the fight-or-flight response of a increased heart rate, dilated pupils, and decreased salivary flow-responses that (prepare the body for action)
parasympathetic nervous system
helps return the body to a baseline, non emergency state (does the opposite of sympathetic nervous system)
cerbal hemispheres
nearly symmetrical halves of the brain that contain the same structures
top of spinal cord
brainstem “stem” or bottom of the brain - consists of 2 structures (medulla, and the pans)
reticular formation
extends from the medulla upwards at the midbrain and is involved with attention and alertness
cerebellum
the lobe like structure at the base of the brain that is involved in the monitoring of movement and maintaining balance, attention, and emotional responses (walking + posture)
MIDBRAIN
resides just above the hindbrain, primarily functions as a relony station between sensory and motor areas
endocrine system
a key part of human behaviour- consists of series of glands
the forebrain
the most visibly obvious region of the brain, consists of all the neural structures that are located above the midbrain, including all of the fields and grooves on the outer surface of the brain
the basal ganglia
a group of three structures that are involved in facilitating planned movements, skill learning, and integrating sensory and movement info
limbic system
a integrated network involved in emotion and memory
amygdala
facilitates memory formation for emotional events, mediates fear responses, recognizes emotional stimuli
hippocampus
critical for learning and memory, particularly the formation of new memories (body temp, agression, sex)
thalamus
a set of nuclei involved in relaying sensory info to different regions of the brain (what we see and hear)
the cerebral cortex
the convoluted and wrinkled outer layer of the brain that is involved in multiple higher functions, such as thought, language, and personality
occipital
located at the rear of the brain and where visual info is processed
pairetal lobes
involved in our experience of touch as well as our bodily awareness
neglect
a situation in which the patient does not attend to anything that appears in the left of their visual field
temporal lobes
located at the sides of the brain near the ears and are involved in hearing, language, an some higher level aspects of vision such as object and face recognition
frontal lobes
important in numerous higher cognitive functions: such as planning, regulating impulses, and emotions
corpus callosum
a collection of neural fibers connecting the 2 cerbal hemispheres (work together to produce some of our behaviours)
hemispheric specialization
a phenomenon when the 2 sides of the cortex often perform very different functions (right- visual and spatial skills… left: language and math)
split brain patients
individuals with epilepsy who had their corpus callosum served in order to treat their seizures
neuroplasticity
the capacity of the brain to change and rewire itself based on individual experience
trophic factors (growth factors)
can stimulate the growth of new dendrites and axons
