3.2

Question 1

neurons

Answer 1

one of the major types of cells found in the nervous system- which are responsible for sending and receiving messages throughout the body

Question 1

cell body

Answer 1

the part of the neuron that contains the nucleus that houses the cells genetic material (soma)

Question 2

dendrites

Answer 2

small branches radiating from the cell body that receives messages from other cells and transmit those messages toward the rest of the cell

Question 3

the axon

Answer 3

transports info in the form of electrochecmial reactions from the cell body to the end of the neuron

Question 4

the axon terminals

Answer 4

bulb-like extensions filled with visicles (little bags of molecules)

Question 5

neurotransmitters

Answer 5

the chemicals that function as messangers allowing neurons to communicate with each-other

Question 6

neurogenesis

Answer 6

the formation of new neurons

Question 7

stem cells

Answer 7

a unique type of cell that does not have a predestined function (how cells are formed)

Question 8

glial cells

Answer 8

specialized cells of the neurons system that are involved in mounting immune responses in the brain, removing waste, and synchronizing the activity of the billions of neurons that consistude the nervous system

Question 9

mylein

Answer 9

fatty shieth that insulates axons from one another, resulting in increased speed and efficency of neural communication (when damaged- leads to issues)

Question 10

multiple sclerosis

Answer 10

a disease in which the immune system does not recognize mylien and attacks it- a process that can devastate the structural and functional integrity of the nervous system

Question 11

resting potential

Answer 11

relatively stable state during which the cell is not transmitting messages

Question 12

low channels

Answer 12

if small pores on the neurons cell membrane, opened up, there would be a natural tendency for positive charged sodium

Question 13

action potentialia

Answer 13

a wave of electrical activity that originates

Question 14

synapse

Answer 14

an area consisting of neurons axon terminals and a different neurons dendrites; these structures are separated by a microscope space into which neurotransmitters can be released

Question 15

presynaptic cell

Answer 15

the neuron that releases its neurotransmitters into synaspe

Question 16

postsynaptic cell

Answer 16

is the neuron that receives neurotransmitters from the presynaptic cell

Question 17

all-or-none principle

Answer 17

individual nerve cells fire at the same strength every time an action or potential occurs

Question 18

synoptic cleft

Answer 18

the minute space between the axon terminal (terminal bottom) and the dendrite

Question 19

reuptake

Answer 19

a process whereby neurotransmitter molecules that have been released into the synapse are reabsorbed into the axon terminals of the presynaptic neuron

Question 20

glutamate

Answer 20

excites nervous system, memory, and autonomic nervous system reactions

Question 21

gaba

Answer 21

inhabits brain activity, lowers arousal, anxiety, and facilities sleep

Question 22

acelylcholine

Answer 22

within the body-important for movement and attention

Question 23

dopamine

Answer 23

involved in such varied functions as mood, control, or voluntary movement

Question 24

norepine phrine

Answer 24

involved in regulating stress responses, increasing arousal, attention, and heart rate

Question 25

serotonin

Answer 25

a monoamine involved in regulating mood, sleep, aggression, and appetite

Question 26

agonists

Answer 26

drug that enhance or mimic the effects of a neurotransmitters action

Question 27

hormones

Answer 27

chemicals secreted by the glands of the endocrine system