2.2 Flashcards
Qualitative Data
involves examining an issue or behaviour without preforming numerical measurements of the variables
quantitive research
involves examining an issue or behaviour using numerical measurements and/or statistics
mixed method
mix of qualitative and quantitive
case study
in depth report about the details of a specific case - reserved for individuals who have very uncommon characteristics or have lived through a very unusual experience
naturalistic observations
they unobtrusively observe and record behaviour as it occurs in the subjects natural environment (do not know they are being observed)
self- reporting
a method in which responses are provided directly by the people who are being studied (interviews, phone surveys, paper and pencil tests)
correlational research
measuring the degree of association between two or more variables (what is the average eduction level in Canada- what is the average income level Canada)
magnitude
refers to how closely the changes in one variable are linked to changes in another variable (if variable “A” goes up one unit- will variable “B” also go up one unit?)
0=
no relationship
+10=
strong / positive correlation
-10=
strong/ negative correlation
third variable problem
the possibility that a third, unmeasured variable is responsible for a well established correlation between 2 variables
main methods of research (2)
biological
descriptive
illusory correlation
the relationship that exists only in their mind, rather than reality (ex: opposites attract- false statement)
experimental research
improve descriptive and correlation studies because they are the only designs that can provide strong evidence for cause- and- effect relationships
confounding variable
the variable outside of the researchers control that might affect or provide a alternative explanation for the results
independent variable
the variable that the experimenter manipulates to distinguish between 2 or more groups (cause and effect)
dependent variable
the observation or measurement that is recorded during the experiment and is subsequently compared across all groups
between-subject design
a experimental design in which we compare the performance of participants who are in different groups
the experimental group
the group in the experiment that receives a treatment or stimuli: targeting a specific behaviour
the control group
the group that does not receive the treatment or stimuli: this group serves as a baseline to which the experimental group is compared
within-subject designs:
an experimental design in which the same participants respond to all types of stimuli or experience all experimental conditions
avas-experimental research
a research technique in which 2 or more groups that are compared are selected based on predetermined characateristics rather than a random assignment (comparing men and women)
