6- Short-Term Memory

Question 1

How do we hold information in short-term memory?

Answer 1

In consciousness

Question 2

How are we processing information in short-term memory?

Answer 2

Consciously

Question 3

What type of store is short-term memory?

Answer 3

Temporary store of active info

Question 4

What capacity does short-term memory have?

Answer 4

Limited

Question 5

What were the 3 control processes Atkinson and Shiffrin found in STM?

Answer 5

Rehearsal, decay and displacement

Question 6

What are the 2 types of rehearsal according to Atkinson and Shiffrin?

Answer 6

Maintenance rehearsal and elaborative rehearsal

Question 7

What is maintenance rehearsal?

Answer 7

Repetition to keep information

Question 8

What is elaborative rehearsal?

Answer 8

Encoding information to send it to LTM

Question 9

What is decay?

Answer 9

Information is lost because of a time-based limitation

Question 10

What is displacement?

Answer 10

Information is lost because of a capacity-based limitation

Question 11

How did Miller show that STM is limited?

Answer 11

Suggested that capacity is 7 +/- 2

Question 12

What did Cowan suggest STM capacity limited to?

Answer 12

About 4 items

Question 13

What is chunking?

Answer 13

Grouping items

Question 14

What is the purpose of chunking?

Answer 14

Increases STM capacity

Question 15

What 2 effects are involved in the serial position curve?

Answer 15

The primacy effect and the recency effect

Question 16

What is the primacy effect?

Answer 16

We recall items from the beginning of a list

Question 17

What does the primacy effect reflect?

Answer 17

LTM

Question 18

What is the recency effect?

Answer 18

We recall items from the end of a list

Question 19

What does the recency effect reflect?

Answer 19

STM

Question 20

How does info from the recency effect decay?

Answer 20

By following distractive tasks

Question 21

What is the negative recency effect?

Answer 21

Recalling items from the beginning of a list in multi-list tasks

Question 22

How was STM shown to be separate from LTM in patients with amnesia?

Answer 22

Deficient LTM but intact STM OR deficient STM but intact LTM

Question 23

What surgery did Scoville and Milner’s epilepsy patients have?

Answer 23

Removal of their bilateral medial lobes including 2/3 of hippocampus and amygdala

Question 24

How were Scoville and Milner’s epilepsy patients shown to have had their memory affected?

Answer 24

They had a deficient LTM but intact STM