5- Text Comprehension Flashcards
What is parsing?
Assigning syntactic roles to the components of sentences
When do garden path sentences emerge?
When the original parsing of the sentence is shown to be incorrect due to the syntactic ambiguity of the sentence
When do we need to go through reanalysis?
When there is a word where there is no way you can integrate it into original syntactic analysis
What is incremental interpretation?
Readers semantically interpret and syntactically parse text on a word-by-word basis
What is minimal attachment?
Readers try to interpret sentences with the simplest possible syntactic structure
What is the visual world paradigm?
Eye movements are tracked while participants listens to narrative
How do we not process text and why?
We don’t just process text on a word-by-word basis as we predict what’s going to come next
What is suggested by the fact that readers immediately detect a semantic anomaly?
Suggests that we incrementally interpret semantic aspects
What 2 factors can create semantic anomalies?
If a sentence is implausible or anomalous
How can a semantic anomaly be overridden?
By context
How do readers store words?
Based on their semantic associative meaning
How do we read a word that is semantically similar to a word we have previously read?
Quickly
What do word recognition models rely on?
Us having a mental lexicon
What is the mental lexicon?
A store of all lexical representations with their semantic meaning, syntactic role and phonology encoded within these representations
What is there not in the brain to understand reading?
A single neural structure that can be attributed to all of this language knowledge
What are the three main models of word recognition?
Interactive activation model, dual route cascade model, connectionist triangle model
What are the three levels of the interactive activation model?
Word units, letter units, feature units
What words are said to have a lower threshold for activation?
Higher frequency words
How does the interactive activation model suggest that we recognise a word?
We see features of letters, letters are activated until a ‘threshold’ is activated and we recognise a word
How many routes are in the dual route cascade model?
3
What is the dual route cascade model specifically for?
Reading aloud
What is route 1 in the DRCM?
Grapheme-phoneme conversion
What is a grapheme?
The visual unit that corresponds to a phoneme
What are conversion rules determined by?
The most common grapheme-phoneme association in the language
What is route 1 of the DRCM good and bad for?
Good for regular words and nonwords, bad for irregular words
How do children start reading?
Grapheme-phoneme conversion
What is route 2 of the DRCM?
Lexicon and semantics
What do we look at in route 2 of the DRCM?
Letters rather than phonology
What is route 3 of the DRCM?
Lexicon only
What does the orthographic input lexicon store?
The spelling of all the words you know
What does route 3 of the DRCM activate?
Meaning and/or phonology
What is route 3 of the DRCM good for?
Reading all familiar words
What are the two routes in the connectionist triangle model?
Direct pathway and indirect pathway
What is the direct pathway in the CTM?
From orthnography to phonology
What is the indirect pathway in the CTM?
From orthography to phonology via semantics
