10- Purpose, Characteristics and Structure of Emotions Flashcards

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1
Q

What are emotions for? (Gobet, 2016)

A

To provide the body and mind with rapid adaptation to a relevant stimulus

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2
Q

When are positive emotions expected to occur?

A

Whenever there is a reward involved

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3
Q

When are negative emotions expected to occur?

A

When there is a punishment involved

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4
Q

What are the two ways of characterising emotion?

A

Valence and arousal

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5
Q

What is valence?

A

Positive or negative

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6
Q

What is arousal?

A

Intensity

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7
Q

What is the emotional response?

A

Actual changes that take place inside the body and mind

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8
Q

What is the emotional experience?

A

Becoming conscious of changes in mind and body

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9
Q

What is mood?

A

The baseline of the emotional system

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10
Q

When do we feel mood?

A

When nothing is stimulating the emotional system

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11
Q

What is emotion?

A

A response to environmental stimuli

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12
Q

How is a positive mood induction paradigm used?

A

To induce a specific mood state

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13
Q

What does mood induction provide? (Russ, 2011)

A

A way of altering states so the effect on cognitive processes can be observed

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14
Q

Who investigated emotion processing of chords?

A

Pallesen et al, 2005

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15
Q

How did Pallesen et al, 2005 study emotion processing of chords?

A

An fMRI study

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16
Q

What chords were heard in Pallesen et al’s study? (3 types)

A

Major chords, minor chords, dissonant chords

17
Q

Which brain structures are implicated in emotion processing of musical chords? (4)

A
  • Amygdala
  • Retrosplenial cortex
  • Brain stem
  • Cerebellum
18
Q

Which chords evoked a larger response during passive listening?

A

Minor and dissonant chords

19
Q

Which chords were rated as sadder and which chords as more unpleasant?

A

Minor chords as sadder, dissonant chords as more unpleasant

20
Q

What does Pallesen et al’s study indicate?

A

The amygdala and brain stem as part of an alarm system that may be perceiving minor/dissonant chords as potentially alarming stimuli

21
Q

How is a brain circuit mediate the effects of fear conditioning to an auditory stimulus?

A

Sound travels from medial geniculate nucleus of thalamus –> reaches amygdala –> assessed in terms of emotional significance

22
Q

How is a stimulus assessed by the amygdala?

A

Based on previous encounters with it

23
Q

What does the amygdala activate?

A

The appropriate response circuit