3- How to Measure Attentional Abilities? Flashcards
What is exogenous attention?
Automatic, involuntary focus on a salient stimulus
How is attention captured in exogenous attention?
By an external salient stimulus
How is exogenous attention controlled?
By something in the environment
What is endogenous attention?
Intentional direction of attention to stimuli
What is endogenous attention initiated by?
You the person
Is endogenous or exogenous attention more effortful?
Endogenous attention
What are we doing in endogenous attention?
We are deliberately trying to attract our information to different places
What is overt attention?
Attention shifts accompanied with eye movement
Why is moving our eyes helpful to attention?
More information gets processed when we move our eyes
How does overt attention contribute to selective attention?
We are selectively attending to aspects of a scene
What is covert attention?
Attention shifts without moving eyes
What initiates covert attention?
You the person
What do we do when using covert attention?
Choose to attend to certain things over others
Is overt or covert attention more difficult?
Covert
What was the goal of Posner’s spatial cueing task?
To maintain fixation
What were the findings in Posner’s task?
Responses were faster for congruent than incongruent conditions
What happened in the congruent condition?
The target stimulus appeared where the arrow pointed to
What was the cue?
The arrow
What is the purpose of a cue?
It is useful
What does a cue help us to do?
React faster
What happened in the incongruent condition?
Target stimulus appeared opposite to where the arrow pointed to
How was exogenous attention involved in Posner’s task?
Star would trigger a response, so the response was driven by an outside stimulus
How is endogenous attention involved in Posner’s task?
Attention is being directed specifically, and attention depended on how much was devoted
Was Posner’s task overt or covert attention, and why?
Covert attention, because participants weren’t moving their eyes
What is the developmental application of Posner’s task?
Children with ADHD have poorer performances on all trials compared to typically developing children
