10- Defining Emotion

Question 1

What can music affect?

Answer 1

The emotional state of the listener

Question 2

What can emotional state of an individual affect?

Answer 2

Cognitive performance

Question 3

What can music change?

Answer 3

The way we perceive a person

Question 4

What did Davidson (2003) say?

Answer 4

A deadly sin of cognitive neuroscience is to assume emotions are independent from cognition

Question 5

What are emotions?

Answer 5

Responses to stimuli in the environment

Question 6

What do emotions refer to? (Gilhooly, 2011)

Answer 6

Various mental states

Question 7

What is the duration of emotions? (Gilhooly, 2011)

Answer 7

Short-lived

Question 8

What are emotions associated with? (Gilhooly, 2011)

Answer 8

With an eliciting event

Question 9

How are emotions made unique?

Answer 9

Certain features

Question 10

What kind of responses are emotions and what are they triggered by?

Answer 10

Mind-brain responses triggered by a chunk of information

Question 11

What is the typical duration of emotions?

Answer 11

Short- generally last for a few hours
Sometimes last for hours (Gobet, 2011)

Question 12

When do emotions have a ‘fuzzy’ onset? (Gilhooly, 2011)

Answer 12

As the emotions dissipate over time

Question 13

What is the onset of an emotion?

Answer 13

Clear

Question 14

What kind of experience do emotions generate?

Answer 14

Subjective

Question 15

What do emotions provide us with?

Answer 15

Feedback on execution of our plans relative to our goals

Question 16

What do emotions reduce?

Answer 16

Discrepancies between actual and expected outcomes

Question 17

What do emotions generate?

Answer 17

Action tendencies

Question 18

What is suggested that a motivational-behavioural component to emotion involves?

Answer 18

Our actions in response to the emotion

Question 19

How do we communicate our feelings to others?

Answer 19

Accompanied facial expressions with emotions

Question 20

What did Ekman and Friesen (1971) analyse?

Answer 20

Films and photos of people experiencing a range of real emotions

Question 21

Who came up with ethological signalling theory?

Answer 21

Huron, 2022

Question 22

What is the purpose of an “ethological signal”?

Answer 22

To transform the behavior of the observer

Question 23

What has fueled the growing interest in cognition and emotion since the 1980s?

Answer 23

Advances in computer technology

Question 24

What has morphing done?

Answer 24

Made it possible to represent changes in facial expression of emotion

Question 25

Where and who with is most research conducted?

Answer 25

With clinical populations and in clinical settings

Question 26

Why has fear been extensively researched?

Answer 26

As it is the easiest emotion to infer from behaviour