5- Eye Movements and Neurodiversity Flashcards

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1
Q

How was it previously proposed that dyslexia was cause?

A

Oculomotor dysfunction hypothesis

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2
Q

What is the oculomotor dysfunction hypothesis?

A

Dyslexia is caused by abnormal eye movements

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3
Q

What did the oculomotor dysfunction go against?

A

Early data showing comparable performance in saccade latency, accuracy, velocity, as well as fixation location and duration for general eye movement behaviour

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4
Q

What have more recent studies of dyslexic reading found?

A

There is not really a difference in how people with dyslexia read- eye movement is fairly consistent regardless of reading level in terms of acuity, convergence, etc

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5
Q

What do eye movement differences in dyslexia reflect?

A

Information processing

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6
Q

What is the difference between dyslexic readers and neurotypical readers?

A

Dyslexic readers make more fixations and show large frequency and word length effects

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7
Q

What is the phonological deficit hypothesis?

A

Dyslexia is caused by deficits in accessing and manipulating phonological information

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8
Q

How is reading in ASD readers compared to neurotypical readers?

A

ASD readers show no differences in frequency or syntactic attachment effects during reading

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9
Q

What is weak central coherence theory?

A

Individuals with ASD process contextual information less efficiently as they preferentially process local information

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10
Q

How has DCD been shown to affect educational achievement?

A

Children and adolescents with DCD found to perform more poorly in educational achievement

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11
Q

How many GCSEs did students with DCD achieve compared to controls?

A

Median of 2 compared to 7 in controls

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12
Q

What can poorer educational achievement in those with DCD be attributed to? (3 points)

A

Poorer handwriting, manipulation speed and increased fatigue

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13
Q

What differences in reading has DCD research found? (2 points)

A

Poorer spelling and reading ability, and higher levels of reading delay

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14
Q

What is the problem with DCD research?

A

No cognitive experiments currently exist to explain findings

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15
Q

What does reading rely strongly on?

A

Working memory capacity, cognitive control and executive control particularly when processing information beyond lexical access

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16
Q

How are individuals with DCD known to be disadvantaged when reading?

A

Have poorer working memory and executive function

17
Q

Why might individuals with DCD make more fixations when making hand movements?

A

Possibly due to poor cognitive control

18
Q

Why might children with DCD perform more slowly to name lists of words and numbers?

A

Possibly due to slower horizontal and vertical eye movements

19
Q

How did readers with DCD seem to lexically access words?

A

Similarly to typically developing readers

20
Q

How did DCD readers respond to first fixation of a high/low attached word?

A

They did not suffer any delay, whereas TD readers did

21
Q

How did DCD readers compare to TD readers in terms of total fixation time?

A

Slower than TD readers