6: AOP - Urban Design Flashcards
Context Sensitive Design
Roadway standards and development practices that are flexible and sensitive to community values. CSD allows design decisions to better balance economic, social, and environmental objectives within the community.
Promotes these principles:
Balance safety, community, and environmental goals in all projects;
Involve the public and affected agencies early and continuously;
Use an interdisciplinary team tailored to project needs;
Apply flexibility inherent in design standards;
Incorporate aesthetics as an integral part of good design.
Form based code
Type of zoning code that regulates development to achieve a specific urban form.
The regulations and standards in form-based codes, presented in both diagrams and words, are keyed to a regulating plan that designates the appropriate form and scale (and therefore, character) of development, rather than just setting distinctions in land-use types.
Conventional zoning code focuses on land use rather than form, whereas form-based codes focus on form over use.
New Urbanism
Was formed, in part, as a counter response to what is known as “modernist urbanism,” exemplified by Radiant City (Ville Radieuse), an unrealized project to house three million inhabitants designed by the French-Swiss architect Le Corbusier in 1922.
The project involved replacing central Paris with sixty-story glass cruciform skyscrapers set in green space.
promotes compact, walkable neighborhoods.
Apply at the regional, neighborhood, and block levels.
New Urbanism, in contrast, promotes mixed-income, walkable neighborhoods with a variety of architectural styles.
The Transect
Conceptual device for orienting development on a rural to urban continuum.
Often used in New Urbanism and form based zoning.
Tactical urbanism
Low-cost, temporary changes to the urban environment intended to demonstrate the potential impacts of change - example = temporary bicycle lane, street furniture.
Park(ing)
Biophilic Design
concerns the need to create habitat for people as biological organisms. There are direct and indirect ways to accomplish biophilic design:
DIRECT EXPERIENCE OF NATURE
* Light
* Air
* Water
* Plants
* Animals
* Natural Landscapes and Ecosystems
* Weather
INDIRECT EXPERIENCE OF NATURE
* Images of Nature
* Natural Materials
* Natural Colors
* Mobility and Wayfinding
* Cultural and Ecological Attachment to Place
* Simulating Natural Light and Air
* Naturalistic Shapes and Forms
* Evoking Nature
* Information Richness
* Age, Change, and the Patina of Time
* Natural Geometries
* Biomimicry
Map that is used as the starting point for many planning projects and shows the essential natural or man-determined features of an area.
Base Map
“Garagitecture” & what is effective to manage this
Whole streets where the most visible feature of the buildings is the garage.
Effective way to limit front-facing garages is: Design standards that require a garage to be side or rear-facing on the lot
“Great Streets”
Great Streets are a Great Place in America designed by APA. Factors include street character, landscaping, green infrastructure, etc.
ICT (information and communication technology) examples of the software / application side:
Smart grids, smart transportation, big data, GIS
What urban design site design strategy is least effective at producing distinctive design?
Taller buildings on the periphery of the city.
The Community Character Act (CCA)
2002- requires states to enact more smart growth planning
The Community Character Act (CCA)
2002- requires states to enact more smart growth planning
Drossscape
An urban design framework that examines urbanized regions as the product of past economic and industrial processes. The concept focuses on the redesign and adaptive reuse of “waste landscapes” within regions.
Third Places
Third places, (sometimes referred to as third spaces) are the social spaces in between where people live (the first place) and where people work (the second place). These social spaces can include parks, cafes, museums and other types of locations in which people enjoy spending time as a community.
