3: Plan and Policy Dvlpmt Flashcards
What is visioning?
Visioning is a process whereby citizens attend a series of meetings that provide the opportunity for them to offer input on how the community could be in the future. Planners use visioning processes to help citizens develop a conception of the future. Its focus is on what the community wants to be rather than looking at existing conditions.
Disadvantages of Visioning
- Cost-intensive
- Creates unrealistic expectations the government can’t fulfill
- Dependent on facilitator
Advantages of Visioning
- Builds excitement about the planning process
- Builds momentum for implementation
- Builds consensus (catalyst to bring residents together & inspired to get involved)
- Keeps process on track
Ingredients of a Vision Statement
- Positive present tense language
- Identify uniqueness
- Emphasize diversity of the region
- Include high standards
- Include time period
- Mention people and quality of life
Environmental Impact Statement
(EIS)
EIS is for federal actions significantly affecting the quality of the human environment. If the environmental assessment determines that there is a significant impact, then an environmental impact statement is required.
National Environmental Policy Act of 1969
(NEPA)
The National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (NEPA) resulted in the creation of the Council on Environmental Quality. The Act requires that the environmental impacts of a project be considered.(ONLY IF it involves federal funding, work performed by the federal government, or permits issued by fed agency)
Facilitation
This technique is used to develop consensus between two or more groups that are in conflict.
Types of Local Government
- General purpose: counties, cities, townships, etc.
- Special purpose: school districts, fire districts, etc.
- Special district: independent unit of local government created by referendums to perform gov’t functions in specific geographic areas, power to incur debt & levy taxes.
- Area wide planning organizations: provide grants & planning assistance.
- Regional planning agency: develop regional plans and review regional impacts, usually not transferred local government powers.
Fiscal Impact Analysis
Used to analyze potential change on land use, a development, or implementation of a plan.
Measures $ / revenue flowing into the public sector.
EXAMPLES: city’s property tax rate, average cost of educating a child in the local school system. NOT historic trends.
EIS addresses these 5 topics
1- The environmental impact of the proposed action
2- Any unavoidable impacts
3- The range of alternatives to the proposed action
4- The impact of the alternatives
5- Any irreversible commitment of resources involved in proposed actions
Preemption
When a local government’s powers are lessened by a federal government authority.
Example: Fair Housing Act of 1968- preempted discriminatory local laws
Growing Smart Legislative Guidebook
Provides state & local governments with tools for better growth.
An effort to draft the next gen of model planning & zoning legisl for the US
Difference between sustainability and resiliency
Sustainability is the ability to continue important functions indefinitely without a decline in quality.Resilience is the ability to thrive in the face of change
3 parts of comp planning process
& how long do comp plans last for (time period)
- Designing the process
- Developing the plan
- Implementing the plan
- 20 years on average
What are the three phases in the second part of the comprehensive planning process (developing the plan)
- Identify values, conditions, issues for future
- Articulate future vision/goals
- Pick preferred scenario, develop implementation plan
Scoping
Gathering information to establish the breadth, or scope, of a project.
Includes establishing project objectives, deliverables, and exclusions.
Scope creep
An incremental expansion of the project scope that can negatively affect the outcome of a project
