6: AOP- Housing Flashcards
Public Health Movement
Second half of the 1800s
1855 - first Model Tenement was built in NYC
Tenement House Act of 1867
First major housing code in the United States. Required all rooms with tenements have windows - did not require the windows to open to the outside.
Tenement House Act of 1879
Passed to address the shortcomings of the 1867 Act.
Required that windows open to outside air - resulted in Dumbbell Tenements
Dumbbell tenements
Housing type with open air shafts.
Referred to as “Old Law Tenements” built throughout NYC starting in 1879 - had poor lighting, little air, and little space.
How the other half lives
1890 - Jacob Riis, highlighted the plight of the poor in NYC.
Tenement House Law of 1901
Resulted in New Law tenements - OUTLAWED dumbbell tenements.
New housing code was vigorously enforced by the city, which required inspection and permits for construction & alterations in addition to wide light & air areas between buildings, toilets, and running water in each apartment unit.
Public Works Admin
PWA - Created in 1934 during the Great Depression, provided 85% of the cost of public housing projects.
1st federally supported public housing program.
National Housing Act
Established Federal Housing Admin with purpose of insuring home mortgages.
1934.
Resettlement Admin
& the 3 greenbelt communities
Used New Deal funds to develop 3 new tons / “Greenbelt” communities.
Greenhills, OH
Greendale, WI
Greenbelt, MD
Servicemen’s Readjustment Act aka GI Bill
1944- granted home loans to veterens and resulted in rapid development of suburbs.
Housing Act of 1949
1st comp housing legislation passed in the U.S. - the act called for the construction of 800,000 new housing units and emphasized slum clearance.
FIRST act to deal with slum clearance.
Federal financing for slum clearance and increased authorization for FHA mortgage insurance
Housing Act of 1954
Called for slum prevention and urban renewal.
Provided funding for planning for cities under 25,000 population. Section 701 funds were later expanded to allow for statewide, interstate, and regional planning.
PROVIDED FUNDS FOR COMPREHENSIVE & LOCAL PLANNING.
Housing Act of 1959
Made federal matching funds available for COMP PLANNING at metro, regional, state, and interstate levels.
Housing Act of 1961
Provided interest subsidies to nonprofit organizations, limited-dividend corporations, coops, and public agencies for the construction of public housing projects for low to moderate income families to rent.
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)
Formed in 1965 - through Housing and Urban Development act of 1965.
Put into place rent subsidies for the poor, home loans at reduced interest rates, and subsidies for public housing projects.
Demonstration Cities and Metropolitan Development Act
1966
Launch of model cities program.
Act provided financial incentives for coordinated metro area planning for open spaces, water supply, sewage disposal, and mass transit.
It also established a loan guarantee program to encourage the development of “new communities.”
Fair Housing Act (FHA)
Title VIII & Title IX of the Civil Rights Act of 1968.
Expanded on previous acts to prohibit discrimination concerning the sale, rental, and financing of housing based on race, religion, national origin, and since 1974, sex.
Protects people with disabilities and families with children (since 1988).
Housing and Urban Development Act of 1968
Provided for the construction of six million subsidized housing units.
Pruitt-Igoe
1972
Public housing development first occupied in 1954 - demolished in St Louis.
Its demolition marked a shift away from concentrated high-rise public housing.
Community Development Block Grant Program
1974-
Was created under the chousing and community development act - grant program provides flexibility for communities to use federal funds for the improvement of blighted areas. The CDBG program consolidated six categorical urban programs into one.
Created Section 8 housing voucher program (amending the 1937 legislation) that provides rent subsidies for low-income housing.
National Manufactured Housing Construction and Safety Act of 1974
Regulated manufactured housing units (sometimes called “mobile homes”) for the first time. Local ordinances can be used to regulate manufactured housing in terms of location, size, and appearance.
Act applied to all manufactured homes built in 1976 or later.
Act significantly updated in 2000.
Home Mortgage Disclosure Act
HMDA (Humdah)
1975 Federal Law that requires financial institutions to report mortgage data to the public.
HMDA grew out of concern over a credit shortages in some neighborhoods. The law helps track whether banks are serving the housing credit needs of their communities, potentially identifying discriminatory lending patterns.
Community Reinvestment Act (CRA)
1977 -
Encouraged banks to meet the credit needs of low-and-moderate income neighborhoods.
One aim of the CRA was to reverse the effects of redlining.
CRA requires federal regulators to assess how well each bank fulfills its obligations to low and moderate-income neighborhoods.
Urban Development Action Grant Program (UDAG)
Authorized under the 1977 amendments to the 1974 housing and community development act.
UDAG promotes public-private partnerships for the redevelopment of urban areas.
Also required intergovernmental cooperation in the placement of projects.
UDAG cut funding for section 701 comp planning program.
