6: AOP - Parks and Rec / Historic Cult Resource Flashcards
The Land and Water Conservation Fund (LWCF) required states to prepare this program to get federal dollars
Outdoor rec plans (SCORPS)
First national park & when designated
Yellowstone - 1972
National Park Service
Created in 1916 when Woodrow Wilson signed the organic act of 196
John Muir
Early advocate for creation of a national parks system. PRESERVATIONIST
Theodore Roosevelt
Created 5 national parks
Signed the Antiquities Act in 1906 which created 18 national monuments, including Grand Canyon.
Franklin Delano Roosevelt
Dramatically improved national parks through the CCC - set up during the depression. FDR also expanded NPS, including civil war battlefields and the lincoln memorial.
Helped create Olympic national park and kings canyon national parks.
**FIRST TIME federal funds were used to purchase park land - Great Smoky Mountains National Park.
ParkScore
Rating system for the 100 largest U.S. cities, developed by the trust for public land
Greenway
Any scenic trail or route set aside for travel or recreational purposes
Scenic Resources
Aesthetically pleasing landscape patterns and landscape features that contribute to the distinctness of a community or region.
Viewshed
Area visible through a line of site from a location.
Wildlife corridor
Linkage that joins two similar wildlife habitats
Transfer of Development Rights (TDR)
Allows for the transfer of development rights from an area that is designated for low-density development to an area for planned growth.
A TDR program seeks to preserve landowners’ asset value by moving the right to build a house from a location where development is prohibited to a location where development is encouraged.
Sending zone
The environmental protection zone where development rights are separated. It is called a sending zone because the development rights are “sent” out of i
Receiving Zone
A zone where a developer buys a right to build more units than currently permitted in the local zoning ordinance. These zones “receive” development rights.
The Antiquities Act of 1906
established that archeological sites on public lands are public resources and obligated federal agencies to preserve sites for future generations. Additionally, the law authorizes the president of the United States to protect landmarks, structures, and objects of historic or scientific interest by designating them as National Monuments. For example, in 2016, President Obama designated the Mojave Trails National Monument, which contains 1.6 million acres of ancient lava flows and sand dunes.
The Organics Act of 1916
established the National Park Service to manage national parks and national monuments.
The Historic Sites Act of 1935
sought to organize federally owned parks, monuments, and historic sites under the National Park Service. It also declared a national policy to preserve historic sites, buildings, and objects of national importance for public use.
The Wilderness Act of 1964
created the National Wilderness Preservation System. The act defined wilderness as “an area of undeveloped Federal land retaining its primeval character and influence without permanent improvements or human habitation.” According to the National Park Service, as of 2016, there are more than 106 million acres of federal public lands designated as wilderness.
The National Wild and Scenic River Act of 1968
seeks to preserve rivers with outstanding natural, cultural, and recreational values in a free-flowing condition for the enjoyment of current and future generations. Wild and scenic rivers are designated by Congress. As of 2018, the National System protected 12,754 miles on 209 rivers in 40 states and Puerto Rico.
Historic District
“[A] geographically definable area, urban or rural, possessing a significant concentration, linkage, or continuity of sites, buildings, structures, or objects united by past events or aesthetically by plan or physical development. A district may also comprise individual elements separated geographically but linked by association or history.”
(defined by National Register of Historic Places)
Nation’s first historic district
Charleston, South Carolina - 1931
National Register of Historic Places
The U.S. Department of the Interior’s National Park Service oversees the National Register of Historic Places.
The National Register was created in 1966.
To be designated on the National Register, the building, property, or site must have historic significance, as determined by set criteria.
Being on the register:
- Does not protect properties from demolition.
- Allows properties to qualify for federal tax incentives.
- 20% income tax credit avail for rehab of historic, income-producing buildings that are determined by the secretary of the US Dept of Interior through NPS to be “certified historic structures”.
National Trust for Historic Preservation
privately funded nonprofit org initially established for the acquisition and admin of historic sites.
Might be best known to planners for its Main Streets program which is now managed by a subsidiary.
State and Local Historic Districts
The National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 requires that all states have a State Historic Preservation Office. Many state and local governments have their own laws for historic district designation.
Main Streets Program
Way to revitalize small town commercial districts.
Established by National Trust for Historic Preservation
Four point approach:
- Organization
- Design
- Promotion
- Economic Restructuring
Helpful cultural resources to assess as a historic preservation planner:
Historic districts, buildings, structures, sites, public works, transportation corridors, archaeological sites, heritage areas and corridors, cultural landscapes, objects and related built forms.
Which allows access to open space? Conservation easement, easement, right of way.
ALL THE ABOVE.
