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CG AICP > 6: AOP - Natural Resources Planning > Flashcards

6: AOP - Natural Resources Planning Flashcards

1
Q

First earth day

A

April 22, 1970

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2
Q

Metropolitan Water District of Southern California

A

Established in 1927 to create the Colorado River Aqueduct, a water pipeline to LA which was built between 1933 and 1941.

Currently owned and operated by the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California.

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3
Q

Rachel Carson

A

Author of Silent Spring - published in 1962.

Carson examines the dangers of chemical pesticides, such as DDT, on plants, animals, and humans. Influenced how people think about the environment.

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4
Q

Effluent Standards

A

Set restrictions on discharge of pollutants into the environment. Effluent guidelines reduce discharge of pollutants that have serious environmental impacts.

EPA has effluent guidelines for more than 50 categories.

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5
Q

Point Source Pollution

A

Discharged directly from a specific site, such as sewage treatment plant or industrial pipe.

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6
Q

Non-Point Source Polution

A

Contaminated runoff from many sources.

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7
Q

Potable Water

A

Water that is safe to drink.

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8
Q

Oligtrophic

A

relatively low in plant nutrients and containing abundant oxygen in the deeper parts.

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9
Q

Aquifer

A

One or more strata of rock / sediment that is saturated and sufficiently permeable to yield economically significant quantities of water to wells or springs. An aquifer includes any geologic material that is currently used or could be used as a source of water within the target distance limite.

Wells can be drilled into the aquifers & water can be pumped out.
Precipitation recharges water into the porous rock of the aquifer. Rater of recharge NOT the same for all aquifers. Must be considered when pumping water from well.

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10
Q

Estuary

A

Area where freshwater meets saltwater

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11
Q

Lagoon

A

Shallow body of water located alongside a coast

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12
Q

Marsh

A

Type of freshwater, brackish water, or saltwater wetland found along rivers, ponds, lakes, and coasts. Does not accumulate appreciable peat deposits and is dominated by herbaceous vegetation.

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13
Q

Reservoir

A

Pond, lake, tank, or basin that can be used for the storage and control of water, and can be either natural or man-made.

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14
Q

Surface Water

A

Includes rivers, lakes, oceans, ocean-like water bodies, and coastal tidal waters.

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15
Q

Swamp

A

Is a freshwater wetland that has spongy, muddy land, and a lot of water.

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16
Q

Watershed

A

Is a region drained by, or contributing water to, surface water.

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17
Q

Water Table

A

Is the underground boundary between the soil surface and the area where groundwater saturates spaces between sediments and cracks in rock. Water pressure and atmospheric pressure are equal at this boundary.

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18
Q

Wetlands

A

Include swamps, marshes, bogs, and other similar areas. Wetlands are inundated or saturated by surface or groundwater at a frequency and duration sufficient to support vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions. Wetlands can be natural or constructed.

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19
Q

The Clean Water Act

A

Was passed in 1972 with a major amendment in 1977.

Official name was the Federal Water Pollution Control Act but “Clean Water Act” became the act’s common name.

The act requires anyone wanting to discharge pollutants into a body of water to obtain a permit. It also regulates the amount of water that can be discharged and the types of pollutants that can be released.

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20
Q

Point Source Discharge Permit

A

To discharge pollutants into the water this permit must be obtained from the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES).

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21
Q

The Clean Air Act monitors six pollutants:

A
  • Ozone
  • Particulate Matter
  • Carbon Monoxide
  • Nitrogen Dioxide
  • Sulfur Dioxide
  • Lead
22
Q

Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD)

A

Relates to air quality and requires that a project will not increase emissions above a specified PSD increment.

23
Q

Ambient Air Quality Standards

A

Set the maximum air contaminant concentrations allowed in the ambient air.

According to the EPA, national emissions of the six most common air pollutants have been reduced substantially since 1970.

24
Q

The National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (NEPA)

A

Created the Council on Environmental Quality.

NEPA requires federal agencies to prepare an EIS for all major federal actions that could affect the quality of the human environment.

25
Q

Environmental Assessment (EA)

A

Agencies can prepare a smaller shorter document than a full EIS. The findings of the EA determine whether an EIS is required. If the EA indicates that no significant impact is likely, then the agency can release a finding of no significant impact (FONSI) & carry on with proposed action.

Most EAs result in a FONSI.

26
Q

Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899

A

Considered the oldest environmental law in the United States. Prohibited the construction of any bridge, dam, dike, or causeway over any navigable waterway in the country without Congressional approval.

Act also required congressional approval for all wharfs, piers, jetties, and exactly or fill of navigable waters.

27
Q

Water Pollution Control Act of 1948

A

Allowed the surgeon general of the public health service, in cooperation with other governmental entities, to prepare a comprehensive program for eliminating or reducing the pollution of interstate waters and tributaries and improving the sanitary condition of surface and underground waters.

Act allowed the federal works administrator to assist government agencies in constructing treatment plants that could help to prevent discharges of inadequately treated sewage and other wastes into interstate waters or tributaries.

28
Q

Water Quality Act of 1965

A

Established water pollution control administration within Department of the Interior.

First time water quality was treated as environmental concern rather than a public health concern.

29
Q

Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972

A

Amended in 1990

Focused efforts to reduce polluted runoff in 29 coastal states.

30
Q

The Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972

A

Amended the Water Pollutant Act of 1948.

Broadened the government’s authority over water pollution and restructured the authority for water pollution under the Environmental Protection Agency. The act changed the enforcement from water quality standards to regulate the number of pollutants being discharged from particular point sources.

31
Q

The Endangered Species Act of 1973

A

provides protection of animal and plant species that the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service designates as threatened or endangered. This act was later amended in 1988.

32
Q

The Public Utility Regulatory Policy Act (PURPA) of 1978

A

promotes alternative energy sources, energy efficiency, and reduced dependence on foreign oil. It also created a market for non-utility power producers and requires competition in the utility industry.

33
Q

The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA)

A
  1. Created a $1.6 billion Superfund to clean up abandoned hazardous waste sites and requires major industries to report annual releases of toxic wastes into the air, water, or ground. Superfund is the common name for CERCLA. There are more than 1,200 superfund sites across the United States. A tax on the petroleum and chemical industries provides funding to help pay for the cleanup of superfund sites.
34
Q

The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) of 1976

A

Provided EPA with the ability to control hazardous waste from the “cradle-to-grave.” This includes the generation, transportation, treatment, storage, and disposal of hazardous waste, as well as the management of non-hazardous solid wastes. The 1986 amendment covered environmental issues associated with underground storage tanks for fuel and other hazardous substances.

35
Q

The Toxic Substances Control Act of 1976

A

Provided EPA with responsibility for reporting, record-keeping, testing requirements, and restrictions relating to chemical substances and/or mixtures. Certain substances are generally excluded, including food, drugs, cosmetics, and pesticides.

36
Q

Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA)

A

Was originally passed in 1947 and established procedures for registering pesticides with the U.S. Department of Agriculture. FIFRA was was amended by the Federal Environmental Pesticide Control Act (FEPCA) in 1972. The law has been amended numerous times since 1972, including significant amendments in the form of the Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA) of 1996. FIFRA currently mandates that EPA regulate the use and sale of pesticides to protect human health and the environment.

37
Q

Safe Drinking Water Act

A

Passed in 1974 and has been amended several times since. This law protects both the sources of drinking water and the end product.

38
Q

Brownfields

A

“real property, the expansion, redevelopment, or reuse of which may be complicated by the presence or potential presence of a hazardous substance, pollutant, or contaminant. Cleaning up and reinvesting in these properties takes development pressures off of undeveloped, open land, and both improves and protects the environment.”

39
Q

Executive Order 12898

A

Issued by President Clinton in 1994 - requires federal agencies strive to make achieving environmental justice part of their mission by addressing the disproportionate adverse environmental and human health impacts of its policies, programs, and activities on minority and low-income populations.

40
Q

Mission of Bureau of Reclamation

A

The mission of the Bureau of Reclamation is to manage, develop, and protect water and related resources in an environmentally and economically sound manner in the interest of the American public.

41
Q

Council of Environmental Quality coordinate with which federal programs?

A

The Council on Environmental Quality coordinates federal environmental efforts and works with federal agencies on the development of environmental policies and initiatives.

Includes National Environmental Policy Act
Clean Air Act & Clean Water Act
Farm Bill Conservation

42
Q

BOD

A

BIochemical Oxygen Demand.

High BOD means presence of high levels of nitrate and organic pollution dissolved in water.

43
Q

Compact Fluorescent Lights (CFL) can last up to how many times as long as a standard incandescent light.

A

10 times.

44
Q

Section 404 of the Clean Water Act Authorizes that:

A

The Army Corps of Engineers can issue permits for the discharge of dredged or fill material into the navigable waters of the US

45
Q

What is the most commonly regulated type of renewable energy by local governments?

A

WIND.

46
Q

Emergency Planning and Community Right to Know Act

A

Regulates chemical plant’s use of hazardous materials.

Regulates 366 toxic, volatile, etc. chemicals that can cause serious irreversible health effects from accident releases.

47
Q

PSD Standards (Prevention of Significant Deterioration)

A

Standards dealing with regulations to prevent significant deterioration of very high quality airsheds.

48
Q

What percentage will be saved of your cooling costs by closing off air conditioning vents in an unoccupied room?

A

5-10%

49
Q

Watershed

A

topographic areas where surface water runoff drains to a specific point on a stream or to a water body.

50
Q

MWD in Southern California?

A

Metropolitan Water District of Southern California

51
Q

A programmable thermostat might save you this percentage on heating costs-

A

20%

CG AICP (27 decks)

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