Venous drainage of the abdomen Flashcards
what are the 2 venous systems that drain abdominal structures?
the portal venous system and the systemic venous system
what does the portal system transport and where to?
transports venous blood to the liver for processing
what does the systemic venous system transport and to where?
returns deoxygenated blood to the right atrium of the heart
what is the major vessel of the systemic venous system?
inferior vena cava
what is the inferior vena cava the common convergence for?
the common convergence of venous drainage from all structures below the diaphragm
where is the inferior vena cava located?
on the posterior abdominal wall; anteriorly to the vertebral column and to the right of the abdominal aorta
what is the inferior vena cava formed by?
formed by the union of the common iliac veins at the L5 vertebral level
where does the inferior vena cava travel after the union of common iliac veins at L5?
Its ascends superiorly, and leaves the abdomen by piercing the central tendon of the diaphragm at the T8 level (the caval hiatus)
within the thorax, where does the inferior vena cava drain?
the inferior vena cava drains into the right atrium of the heart
During its long course, the inferior vena cava shares an anatomical relationship with numerous abdominal structures - what are they?
the right common iliac artery, the root of the mesentery, the head of the pancreas, the bile duct, the portal vein and the liver
The inferior vena cava is responsible for the venous drainage of what?
all structures below the diaphragm
where does inferior vena cava receives tributaries from?
common iliac veins lumbar veins renal veins right testicular / ovarian vein right suprarenal vein inferior phrenic veins hepatic veins
what is common iliac veins formed by?
the external and internal iliac veins
what do the common iliac veins drain?
lower limbs and gluteal region
what do lumbar veins drain?
the posterior abdominal wall
what do renal veins drain?
the kidneys, left adrenal gland and left testis/ovary
what does the right testicular vein drain?
drain the right testes in men and women
what does the right ovarian vein drain?
right ovary in women
what do the left testicular / ovarian vein drain into?
left renal vein
what does the right suprarenal vein drain?
the right adrenal gland
what does the left adrenal vein drain into?
left renal vein
what do inferior phrenic veins drain?
drain the diaphragm
what do the hepatic veins drain?
the liver
which organs do not have venous tributaries?
the spleen, pancreas, gallbladder or the abdominal part of the GI tract
what drains the spleen, pancreas, gallbladder or the abdominal part of the GI tract?
first drained into the portal venous system
where does the venous return from the spleen, pancreas, gallbladder or abdo part of GI ultimately enter? what via?
the inferior vena cava via the hepatic veins (after being processed by the liver)
what does the portal system carry? and where to for what?
venous blood (rich in nutrients that have been extracted from food) to the liver for processing
what is the major vessel of the portal system?
the portal vein
what is the importance of the portal vein within the portal system?
It is the point of convergence for the venous drainage of the spleen, pancreas, gallbladder and the abdominal part of the gastrointestinal tract
what is the portal vein formed by?
the union of the splenic vein and the superior mesenteric vein
where is the portal vein found?
posterior to the neck of the pancreas, at the level of L2
what does the portal vein ascend towards?
ascends towards the liver
what does the portal vein pass through as it ascends towards the liver?
the portal vein passes posteriorly to the superior part of the duodenum and the bile duct
immediately before entering the liver, what happens to the portal vein?
the portal vein divides into right and left branches which then enter the parenchyma of the liver separately
what is the portal vein formed by?
The portal vein is formed by the union of the splenic vein and superior mesenteric vein. It receives additional tributaries from
what does the portal vein receives additional tributaries from?
Right and left gastric veins
Cystic veins
Para-umbilical veins
what do the right and left gastric veins drain?
drain the stomach
what do the cystic veins drain?
the gallbladder
what do the para-umbilical veins drain?
skin of the umbilical region
what is the splenic vein formed from?
a variety of smaller vessels as they leave the hilum of the spleen
how is the splenic vein like and what does it maintain contact with and where does it cross?
Unlike the splenic artery, the splenic vein is straight and it maintains contact with the body of the pancreas as it crosses the posterior abdominal wall
what happens as the splenic vein reaches the neck of the pancreas?
the splenic vein joins the superior mesenteric vein to form the portal vein
what are the tributaries to the splenic vein?
Short gastric veins
Left gastro-omental vein
Pancreatic veins
Inferior mesenteric vein
what do the short gastric veins drain?
the fundus of the stomach
what does the left gastro-omental vein drain?
the greater curvature of the stomach
what do the pancreatic veins drain?
the pancreas
what does the inferior mesenteric vein drain?
the large intestine
what does the inferior mesenteric vein drain?
drains blood from the rectum, sigmoid colon, descending colon and splenic flexure
what does the inferior mesenteric vein begin as, where does it travel to?
the superior rectal vein and ascends
what does the inferior mesenteric vein receive tributaries from?
sigmoid veins and the left colic veins
what happens as the inferior mesenteric vein ascends further? what does it join with?
it passes posteriorly to the body of the pancreas and typically joins the splenic vein
what are tributaries to the superior mesenteric vein?
Right gastro-omental vein Anterior and posterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal veins Jejunal vein Ileal vein Ileocolic vein Right colic vein Middle colic vein
what does the right gastro-omental vein drain?
the greater curvature of the stomach
what do the anterior and posterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal veins drain?
the pancreas and duodenum
what does the jejunal vein drain?
jejunum
what does the ileal vein drain?
the ileum
what does the ileocolic vein drain?
ileum, colon, cecum
what does the right colic vein drain?
ascending colon
what does the middle colic vein drain?
transverse colon
what are many of the tributaries formed as?
an accompanying vein for each branch of the superior mesenteric artery
