5.3 CLASSIFICATION OF BIODIVERSITY Flashcards
GENUS
The first name in the binomial naming system is called the genus and is always capitalized.
group of species
SPECIES
The second name starts with a small letter and is called the species.
The name must be written in italic. (in handwriting, underline the name), for example: Escherichia coli
Genus name abbreviation can be used if the full name is already used, for example E.coli
SUB - SPECIES
species might potentially interbreed if a barrier (e.g. geographical) or other challenge was removed.
TAXON
group of something
TAXONOMY
Scientists arrange or organize species in to a hierarchical set of groups in order to organize organisms into specific similar groups based on similar
characteristics
As one goes higher up on a classification chart, the greater the number of species are included into the group
HOW ANIMALS ARE CLASSIFIED
domain
kingdom
phylum
class
order
family
genus
species
ALL ORGANISMS ARE CLASSIFIED INTO 3 DOMAINS
eukarya
bacteria
archaea
EUKARYA DOMAIN
eukaryotes
organisms that have a membrane bound nucleus
ARCHAEA AND BACTERIA DOMAINS
prokaryotes
organisms that do not have a membrane bound nucleus and their DNA is not associated with proteins
DICHOTOMOUS KEY
used to put an organism into a classification that fits that organism best
BRYOPHYTES
no vascular tissue, very small, use spore to reproduce e.g. moss
No roots, simple leaves and stems
FILICINOPHYTES
has vascular tissue, use spore to reproduce e.g. fern
Has root, short non-woody stems
CONIFEROPHYTES
has vascular tissue, use naked seeds to reproduce e.g pines
Has roots, woody stems
ANGIOSPERMOPHYTES
has vascular tissue, produce flowers e.g. peach tree
Has roots, variable leaves and stems
PORIFERA
sponges, no mouth or anus, filter food from current, attached to rocky surface
CNIDARIA
jellies, radical symmetry, has mouth but no anus, many has stinging cells
PLATYHELMINTHES
flatworms, bilaternal symmetry, mouth but no anus, no segmentation
ANNELIDA
segmented worms, bilaternal symmetry, has mouth and anus
MOLLUSCA
squid, bilaternal symmetry, has mouth and anus, usually has a shell
ANTROPODA
insects, bilaternal symmetry, has mouth and anus, jointed, has exoskeleton and joints
DICHOTOMOUS KEY STEPS
A dichotomous key is a key constructed from a series of statements arranged into pairs.
The two descriptions should represent separate choices or characteristics that determine the difference between two organisms.
Both choices are read and compared with the organism to be identified.
If the first characteristic is present in the organism to be identified follow the
instructions at the end of the statement. If the characteristic is not present go
to the second statement as this should be true.
Once a choice is made, that selection directs you to another pair of
descriptive statements.
One statement might identify the organism or lead you further on in the key.
This process is repeated until a successful identification is obtained.
MAMMALS LIMBS
4 pentadactyl limbs
MAMMALS GAS EXCHANGE
lungs with alveoli
MAMMALS REPRODUCTION
internal fertilization
give birth to live young
mammary glands secrete milk
MAMMALS OTHER FEATURES
hair growing from the skin
teeth including living tissue
BIRDS LIMBS
4 pentadactyl limbs
2 limbs modifies as wings
BIRDS GAS EXCHANGE
lungs with parabronchial tubes
BIRDS REPRODUCTION
internal fertilization
hard shells around the eggs
BIRDS OTHER FEATURES
feather growing from skin
beak but no teeth
REPTILES LIMBS
4 pentadactyl limbs
REPTILES GAS EXCHANGE
lungs with extensive folding
REPTILES REPRODUCTION
internal fertilization
soft shells around eggs
REPTILE OTHER FEATURES
dry scaly impermeable skin
simple teeth- no living tissue
AMPHIBIANS LIMBS
4 pentadactyl limbs
AMPHIBIANS GAS EXCHANGE
simple lungs with small internal folds and moist surfaces
AMPHIBIANS REPRODUCTION
external fertilization
protective jelly around eggs
larval stage in water
AMPHIBIANS OTHER FEATURES
soft moist permeable skin
FISH LIMBS
fins
FISH GAS EXCHANGE
gills
FISH REPRODUCTION
external fertilization in most species
FISH OTHER FEATURES
scales grow from the skin
single gill slit
swim bladder for buoyancy
HIERARCHY OF TAXA
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