2.1 MOLECULES TO METABOLISM

Question 1

metabolism

Answer 1

the web of all enzymes catalysed reactions in a cell organism

Question 2

anabolism

Answer 2

synthesis of complex molecules from simpler molecules including the formation of macromolecules from monomers by condensation reactions

• -> requires E usually in the form of ATP
• ->protein synthesis/DNA rep/ photosynthesis

Question 3

catabolism

Answer 3

the breakdown of complex molecules into simpler molecules including the hydrolysis of macromolecules into monomers

• -> release E (sometimes in the form of ATP)
• -> digestion of foods in the mouth/stomach/S.I
• -> Cell respiration
• -> digestion of complex compounds in dead organic matter by decomposers

Question 4

classifying carbon compounds

CARBODHYDRATES

Answer 4

C,H, O with 2:1 ratio for H and O

Question 5

classifying carbon compounds

LIPIDS

Answer 5

molecule insoluble in water
–> steroids/ fatty acids/ triglyceries
fats if solid ART
oil if liquid ART

Question 6

classifying carbon compounds

PROTEINS

Answer 6

1 or > chains of A.A
HONC
yet 2/20 contain sulphur (S)

Question 7

classifying carbon compounds

NUCLEIC ACID

Answer 7

chains of subunits called nucleotides

2 types: DNA/RNA

Question 8

identifying molecules

Answer 8

proteins contain HONC but carbs/lipids contain CHO

many proteins contain sulphur but carbs/lipids don’t

carbs contain 2:1 ratio of H:O

Lipids contain relatively less O2 than carbs

Question 9

synthesis of urea

Answer 9

example of a compound that is produced by living organisms but can also be artificially synthesised

ammonia + CO2–> ammonium carbonate–> urea + water

Question 10

urea and the falsification of vitalism

Answer 10

• Prior: organic compounds in plants/animals could only be made with “vital principle”
• 1828: Wohler syn urea artificially using silver isocyanate and ammonium Cl.
• First org compound syn artificially
• Deduction: if urea didn’t need “vital principle then neither did other subs
• Helped falsify vitalism but more than one piece of evidence is needed
• Now: biologists accept that processes in living orgs re governed by the same chem + physical forces as in non-living matter
• Yet there remain org compounds that have not be syn artificially: haemoglobin a complex protein