1.1 Introduction To Cells

Question 1

Cell theory and expeditions

Answer 1

Smallest
Building blocks
Unicellular multicellular
Striated muscle- larger than the usual animal cell (30nm>0.03)
Fungi- uninterrupted hypha like structure + multinucleated
Algae- single large cell

Question 2

SA:VOL

Answer 2

Too small
Subs don’t enter as quickly as needed
Accumulation of waster products as metabolism produces subs more rapidly than they are excreted
Heat loss- cell may overheat as metabolism produces heat faster than it can be released over cells surface

Question 3

Multicellular organisms

Answer 3

Emergent properties: arise form interaction of components of a more complex structure

Question 4

Gene expression

Answer 4

All cells have the same set of genes but some genes are expressed whilst others are not

Question 5

Differentiation

Answer 5

Development of cells in different ways to carry out specific functions

Tissues–> organs–> organ system
Specialised= more efficient (structure and enzyme)

Question 6

Stem cells

Answer 6

Ability to divide over and over again to produce large quantities of new cells (growth and repair)

Not fully differentiated= can differentiate into any different type of cell

Therapeutic treatment:
Stargardts disease: recessive mutation so stem cells are injected directly into retina
Leukaemia: chemotherapy to destroy cells in bone marrow then inject stem cells to produce healthy WBC

Sources:
Embryo: unlimited growth but tumour risk/ rejection
Umbilical cord: limited growth but easily obtained and stored
Adult: fully compatible but difficult to access

Question 7

Measurements

Answer 7

Kilo 
Hecta
Deca 
METRES
deci M
centi M
mili M
POWER OF 3 
Micro 
POWER OF 3 
Nano

Question 8

Magnification

Answer 8

MIA

Magnification= image divided by actual