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Biology > 2.7 DNA REP TRANSCRIPTION/TRANSLATION > Flashcards

2.7 DNA REP TRANSCRIPTION/TRANSLATION Flashcards

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1
Q

SEMI-CONSERVATIVE REPLICATION OF DNA

A

The replication of DNA is semi-conservative an depends on complementary base pairing

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2
Q

HELICASE

A

Unwinds the DNA helix
Separated the 2 strands by breaking the H bonds between the complementary base pairs
ATP is needed by helicase to both move along the DNA M and to breaks the H bonds
The 2 separated strands become template for replication process

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3
Q

ATP and helicase

A

ATP is needed by helicase to both move along the DNA M and to breaks the H bonds

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4
Q

DNA polymerase

A

Links nucleotides together to from a new strand, using the pre existing strand as template

Moves in opposite directions on each strand
Free nucleotides are collected by DNA polymerase and attached to new strands by complementary base paring

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5
Q

PCR

A

Producing large Q of a specific target sequence of DNA
1- denaturation: DNA sample is heated to separate it into 2 strands
2- annealing: DNA primers attach to opposite ends of the target sequence
3-elongation: a heat tolerant DNA polymerase (Taq) copies the strands

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6
Q

Transcription

A

Synthesis of mRNA copied from the DNA base sequence by RNA polymerase

Product: molecule of RNA with a base sequence that is complementary to the template strand

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7
Q

Translation def

A

Synthesis of a polypeptide with an amino acid sequence determined by the base sequence of a molecule of RNA

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8
Q

Location of transcription/ translation

A

DNA–> transcription

(Nucleus)–> translation (cytoplasm)–> polypeptide

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9
Q

Translation

Step 1

A

A mRNA binds to a small

Sub unit of the ribosome

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10
Q

Translation

Step 2

A

A molecule of tRNA with an anticodon complementary to 1st codon to be translated on the mRNA binds to the ribosome

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11
Q

Translation

Step 3

A

2nd tRNA with anti-codon comp to 2nd codon on mRNA binds to the ribosome

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12
Q

Translation

Step 4

A

Ribosome transfers the AA carried by 1st tRNA to AA on 2nd tRNA, by making peptide bond on 2nd AA

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13
Q

Translation

Step 5

A

Ribosome moves along the mRNA so the 1st tRNA is released

The 2nd tRNA becomes the 1st

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14
Q

Translation

Step 6

A

Another tRNA binds with an anticodon complementary to the next codon on mRNA

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15
Q

Translation

Step 7

A

Ribosome transfers the chain of AA carried by 1st tRNA to the AA on the 2nd tRNA, by making a new peptide bond

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16
Q

Translation repeated steps

A

Stages 4 5 6
Are repeated again and again
With 1 AA added to the chain each time the cycle is repeated

17
Q

Translation continues along the mRNA until

A

STOP codon is reached

When the completed polypeptide is released

Biology (40 decks)

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