4.3 CARBON CYCLING

Question 1

ESSENTIAL IDEA

Answer 1

continued availability of carbon in ecosystems depends on carbon cycling

Question 2

AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS

Answer 2

carbon is present as dissolved CO2 and H carbonate ions

Question 3

CARBON DIOXIDE DIFFUSES FROM

Answer 3

the atmosphere or water into autotrophs

Question 4

TO CONTINUALLY PHOTOSYNTHESIS PLANTS MUST HAVE…

Answer 4

a constant supply of carbon dioxide

Question 5

PHOTOSYNTHESIS USES CO2

Answer 5

keeping the concentration of CO2 inside the leaf low

Question 6

PEAT

Answer 6

forms when organic matter is not fully decomposed because of acidic and/or anaerobic conditions in waterlogged soils

Question 7

COAL

Answer 7

is formed when deposits of peat are buried under other sediments

the peat is compressed and heated over millions of years eventually becoming coal

Question 8

PARTIALLY DECOMPOSED ORGANIC MATTER FROM PAST GEOLOGICAL ERAS WAS CONVERTED EITHER TO

Answer 8

coal or into oil and gas that accumulate in porous rocks

Question 9

OIL AND GAS FORMATION OCCURRED IN

Answer 9

ancient oceans

Question 10

LIMESTONE PROCESS

Answer 10

animals such as reef-building corals and mollusca have hard parts that are composed of calcium carbonate and can become fossilized in limestone

Question 11

LIMESTONE =

Answer 11

huge carbon store

Question 12

CO2 PRODUCTION

Answer 12

fossil/biomass fuel + O2

produced by the combustion of biomass and fossilized organic matter

CO2 + H20

Question 13

METHANE

Answer 13

is produced from organic matter in anaerobic conditions by methanogenic archaeans and some diffuses into the atmosphere or accumulates in the ground

Question 14

METHANOGENS

Answer 14

are archaean microorganisms that produce methane as a metabolic byproduct in anoxic conditions

Question 15

METHANE OXIDIZATION

Answer 15

methane is oxidized to CO2 and water in the atmosphere

Question 16

TREND

Answer 16

there is an increase in atmosphere CO2 at Mauna Lao, year on year

Question 17

ANNUAL FLUCTUATION

Answer 17

annual troughs in CO2 correspond with northern hemisphere summers

the northern hemisphere has the greatest land mass and at this tie of the year, more trees and other plants in leaf

this increased amount of foliage leads to increased photosynthesis

thus a greater sink of CO2 from the atmosphere

annual peaks correspond with winters

Question 18

CARBON CYCLE

Answer 18

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