1.2 Ultrastructure Of Cells

Question 1

Free ribosomes

Answer 1

Site of protein synthesis

Question 2

Golgi apparatus

Answer 2

Stack of membrane sacks that modify proteins

Processes proteins bought in vesicles from RER

Question 3

Mitochondria

Answer 3

Site of ATP production by aerobic respiration

Question 4

Nucleus

Answer 4

Double membrane bound
With pores
Contains DNA arranged on chromosomes

Question 5

ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM RER

Answer 5

Interconnected membranes sacs studded with ribosomes

Synthesis proteins for secretion

Question 6

Plasma membrane

Answer 6

Controls passage of materials in and out of cell

Question 7

LYSOSOMES

Answer 7

Membrane bound vesicle containing enzymes

Digestive enzymes used to break down food and organelles

Question 8

VESICLE

Answer 8

Membrane sac containing

Transport materials inside of cell

Question 9

Chloroplast

Answer 9

Starch grain
Double membrane
Produce glucose by photosynthesis

Question 10

CILIA AND FLAGELLA

Answer 10

Used for locomotion

Question 11

Prokaryotes vs eukaryotes

Answer 11

Pro: naked circular DNA in cytoplasm
Eu: DNA wrapped around histone proteins to form nucleosomes

Pro: no membrane bound structures
Eu : many organelles

Pro: plasmid
Eu: no plasmid

Pro: 70S ribosomes
Eu: 80S ribosomes

Question 12

Binary fusion

Answer 12

Division of pre existing cells 
Used for asexual reproduction 
Single circular chromo replicated 
Two copies of chromo move to opp ends 
Division of cytoplasm 
Each daughter cell is gen identical

Question 13

Eukaryotic cell

Answer 13

Pros of compartmentalisation
Efficient metabolism - enzymes: substrates localised + concentrated
Localised conditions- optimum pH
Toxic/ damaging subs are isolated
N/ location of organelles can change dependent of cell’s requirement