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Biology > 5.3 > Flashcards

5.3 Flashcards

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1
Q

what is a genus

A

a group of species that share characteristics

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2
Q

what is a species

A

a group of organisms in the same genus that are able to interbreed to produce fertile offspring

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3
Q

the binomial system

A

a universal way that allows us to name species

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4
Q

give an example of two different species of the same genus

A

Allium sativum and Allium cepa

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5
Q

listen the taxa for classifying eukaryotes

A 
Kingdom 
Phylum 
Class
Order
Family 
Genus 
Species
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6
Q

what is the highest level of classification

A

a domain

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7
Q

what were the three classifications of organisms called

A

prokaryotes and eukaryotes

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8
Q

what are the three domains called now

A

Bacteria,
Archae and
Eukaryote

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9
Q

Compare the cell membrane of each domain

A

Bacteria - glycerol-esters of lipids, D-form of glycerol

Archaea - Glycerol - ether lipids, L-form of glycerol

Eukaryota - Glycerol Esther lipids, D form of glycerol

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10
Q

Compare the cell wall of the three domains

A

Bacteria - Peptidoglycan

Eukaryota - not made up of peptidoglycan, can sometimes be absent

Archaea - not made of peptidoglycan

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11
Q

Compare the histones in the three different domains

A

Bacteria - absent

Archaea - present in some species

Eukaryota - present

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12
Q

Give an example of an archaea

A

methanogenic archaea

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13
Q

Give an example of a bacteria

A

Cyanobacteria, gram positives

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14
Q

Give an example of eukaryote

A

fungi, plants, animals

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15
Q

what are archaea

A

unicellular organisms that lack a nucleus and often live in extreme habitats such as hot water springs, deep earth dements but they can also live in less extreme habitats such as the oceans surface.

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16
Q

what are the two cell types

A

prokaryotes and eukaryotes

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17
Q

what domains fall part of prokaryotes

A

bacteria and archaea

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18
Q

name the kingdom for bacteria

A

eubacteria

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19
Q

name the kingdom or archaea

A

archaebacteria

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20
Q

name the kingdoms of eukaryote

A

protocista, fungi, plantae and Animalia

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21
Q

what is the cell wall of protocista

A

chloroplasts or cell walls built of cellulose

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22
Q

what is the cell wall of fungi like

A

cell wall built of chitin

23
Q

what is the cell wall of plantae like

A

cell walls of cellulose and contain chlorophyplasts

24
Q

what is the cell wall of Animalia

A

no cell walls or chloroplasts

25
Q

how man cells in eubacteria and archaebacteria

A

one

26
Q

what is the mode of nutrition for prokaryotes

A

autotroph or heterotroph

27
Q

what mode of nutrition does fungi use

A

heterotroph

28
Q

give an example of protocistsa

A

amoeba

29
Q

what is the best indicator for relatedness

A

nucleic acids

30
Q

what is a dichotomous key

A

a series of paired opposing statements which guide the user to the identity of an item or organism

31
Q

what does dichotomy mean

A

splitting into two or a division into two opposing groups

32
Q

what is vascular tissue

A

tissue that transports water and sugars throughout the plant

33
Q

what are rhizoids

A

small root like structures that help bryophytes to attach to the soil

34
Q

what is a xylem

A

a type of vascular tissue composed of non-living cells that transport water

35
Q

what is phloem

A

a type of vascular tissue that transports sugars throughout the plant

36
Q

name the four different types of plant phyla

A

bryophyte, filincophyta, coniferophyta, angiospermophyta

37
Q

describe the structure of each plant phyla

A

Bryophyta - no roots, leaves or stems

filicinophyta - roots, leaves and stems

coniferophyta - roots, leaves and stems

aangiospermophyta - roots, leaves and stems

38
Q

describe the reproduction of each plant phyla

A

Bryophyta - via spores
filicinophyta - via spores

coniferophyta - seeds in cones

angiospermophyta - seeds from fruits

39
Q

does viscularisation take place in each plant phyla

A

Bryophyta - no

filicinophyta - yes

coniferophyta - yes

angiospermophyta - yes

40
Q

features of each plant phyla

A

Bryophyta - rhizoids as anchors

Filicinophyta - pinnate leaves

coniferophyta - woody stem

angiospermophyta - produces flowers and fruits

41
Q

examples of each plant phyla

A

Bryophyta - moss

Filicinophyta - fern

coniferophyta - conifer

angiospermophyta - flowering plants

42
Q

name the different phyla of the animal kingdom

A 
porifera
cnidaria
platyhelmintha
annelida
mollusca
arthropoda
chordata
43
Q

Name the symmetry of each phyla in the animal kingdom

A 
porifera - none
cnidaria - radial 
platyhelmintha - bilateral 
annelida - bilateral 
mollusca - bilateral
arthropoda - bilateral 
chordata - bilateral
44
Q

name the gut openings of each animal phyla

A 
porifera - 0 
cnidaria - 1
platyhelmintha - 1
annelida - 2
mollusca - 2
arthropoda - 2
chordata - 2
45
Q

name whether the animal phyla have segmentation

A 
porifera - none
cnidaria - none
platyhelmintha - none
annelida - yes 
mollusca - non visible 
arthropoda - yes
chordata - yes
46
Q

features of animal phyla

A 
porifera - spicules
cnidaria - stinging cells
platyhelmintha - flattened body 
annelida - peristalsis for moving 
mollusca - shell by mantle 
arthropoda - exoskeleton of chitin 
chordata - sophisticated digestive system
47
Q

examples of each animal phyla

A 
porifera - sea sponge
cnidaria - corals jellyfish 
platyhelmintha - tapeworm 
annelida - leech, earthworm 
mollusca - octopus, snail, oyster, slug
arthropoda - spider, crab, scorpion 
chordata - fish, fog, whale , human
48
Q

what are chordata

A

a large phylum of animal that includes the vertebrates with tunicates and lancelets

49
Q

name the classes of vertebrates

A

mammalia

aves

reptilia

amphibia

fish

50
Q

name the key characteristic of mammal

A 
skin covered in hair or fur
skin also has sweat glands
habitat on land and in water
warm-blooded
breathing through lungs
51
Q

name the key characteristic of aves

A

skin covered in feathers, which are waterproof and insulate the body
habitat on land
most species can fly and some can also swim
warm-blooded and lay eggs
breathing through lungs

52
Q

name the key characteristics of reptile

A 
skin is dry and has scales
habitat on land
cold-blooded and most species lay eggs
breathing through lungs
homodont are sharp and cone-shaped
53
Q

name the key characteristics of amphibia

A

skin is exposed and moist
habitat on land and in water
cold-blooded and lay eggs
no external ears

54
Q

name the key characteristics of fish

A

covered in slimy scales
habitat in fresh or sea water, with fins and tails adapted to swimming and balancing
cold-blooded and lay eggs
breathing through gills

Biology (51 decks)

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