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Biology > 2.6 > Flashcards

2.6 Flashcards

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1
Q

what are DNA and RNA monomers

A

nucleotides

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2
Q

what are DNA and RNA composed of

A

a pentose sugar, a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base

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3
Q

what is the different in the pentose sugar of RNA and DNA

A

DNA - deoxyribose

RNA - ribose

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4
Q

what are the four nitrogenous bases on DNA

A

Adenine - thymine

Guanine - cytosine

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5
Q

what are the four nitrogenous bases on RNA

A

Adenine - Uracil

Guanine - cytosine

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6
Q

what are purines

A

bases with two rings in their structure

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7
Q

examples of purines

A

thymine, cytosine and uracil

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8
Q

examples of pyrimidines

A

adenine and guanine

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9
Q

what are pyrimidines

A

contain only one ring in their structure

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10
Q

differences between DNA and RNA

A

DNA

contains deoxyribose
A G T and C
double stranded molecule

RNA

contains ribose
A G U and C
single strnaded molecule

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11
Q

what is the base attached to in the nucleotide

A

base is attached to the sugar

phosphate to the sugar

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12
Q

how do nucleotides link together

A

phosphodiester bonds, covalent bonds to form a single strand

phosphodiester bonds from between the phosphate group attached to the 5 carbon and the hydroxyl group attached to the 3 carbon of another sugar

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13
Q

what carbon is the phosphate attached to

A

te 5 carbon

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14
Q

what carbon is the hydroxyl group attached to

A

the 3 carbon of another sugar

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15
Q

what forms between the phosphate and hydroxyl group

A

phosphodiester bond

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16
Q

what attaches to the base

A

carbon 1

17
Q

what bases pair together

A

guanine with cytosine

thymine with adenine

18
Q

how are the strands held together

A

hydrogen bonds

19
Q

how many hydrogen bonds are there between G and C

A

3

20
Q

how many bonds are there between A and T

A

2

21
Q

how do the bases face each other

A

the strands are antiparallel

one strand from 5 to 3 and the opposite from 3 to 5

22
Q

what did Rosalind Franklin produce

A

DNA X ray diffraction patterns

23
Q

how did Crick and Watson use Rosalinds findings

A

they used the DNA X ray diffraction to deduce that the DNA molecule must have a regular double helix structure

24
Q

what did chargaff find

A

the base ration

shoed that A = T and C + G

25
Q

If a DNA sample were composed of 10% thymine, what would be the percentage of guanine?

A

40%

26
Q

If a DNA sample were composed of 10% thymine, what would be the percentage of guanine?

A

X ray

27
Q

what defines nucleic acid backbone

A

nucleic acids are composed of a backbone of sugar molecules and phosphate groups

the nitrogen bases are attached to the sugars

28
Q

what is the backbone In DNA mad up of

A

sugar molecules and phosphate grousp

Biology (51 decks)

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