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FIIS > 5. Response to Bacterial Infection > Flashcards

5. Response to Bacterial Infection Flashcards

1
Q

What innate response is triggered when a bacteria breeches a barrier?

A

Complement activation
Phagocytosis
Inflammatory response

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2
Q

What is the classical complement pathway activated by?

A

Antibody recognition

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3
Q

What is the alternative pathway activated by?

A

Peptidoglycans in the bacterial cell wall

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4
Q

What is the lectin pathway activated by?

A

Bacteria with mannose on the surface

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5
Q

What bacteria is particularly susceptibly by MAC formation?

A

Neisseria

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6
Q

What receptors initiate phagocytosis?

A

Mannose receptors

Scavenger receptors

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7
Q

What factors increase phagocytosis?

A

C3b

Cytokines released by NK and Th

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8
Q

What is the function of Toll-like receptors?

A

Cause production of TNF, IL1,6 that mediate inflammation and direct adaptive response

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9
Q

What type of Th is important for extracellular bacteria?

A

Th17

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10
Q

What is the role of T cells?

A

Produce cytokines which increase inflammation and phagocytosis
Help B cells produce antibodies

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11
Q

What is the role of antibodies?

A

Neutralise
Activate complement
Promote opsonisation

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12
Q

What TLR reacts to gram + bacteria?

A

1,2,6

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13
Q

What TLR reacts to gram - bacteria?

A

4

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14
Q

Which TLRs react to viruses?

A

3,7,9

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15
Q

What instructs the differentiation of Th17 cells?

A

IL-23

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16
Q

What cytokines do Th17 cells produce?

A

IL-17, 22

TGF-b

17
Q

What diseases are due to a lack of Th17 cells?

A

Psoriasis
MS
Crohn’s

18
Q

What are the functions of Th17 cells?

A

Recruit neutrophils
Release antimicrobial peptides
Increase barrier integrity

19
Q

What is the T dependent B cell response?

A

B cells are activated by Th in response to a protein antigen

20
Q

What do T cytokines cause B cells to do?

A

Proliferate
Class switching
Differentiation

21
Q

What does the T dependent pathway result in?

A

Memory B cells

Any type of antibody is produced

22
Q

What is the T independent pathway activated by?

A

Polysaccharide antigen

23
Q

What does the T independent pathway result in?

A

Low affinity, short lived plasma cells

IgM production

24
Q

Why does hyposplenism result in susceptibility to encapsulated bacteria?

A

Deficiency of T cell independent antibodies

25
Q

How is hyposplenism managed?

A

Prophylactic antibiotics
Immunisation
Annual measurement of antibody titres

26
Q

What Th cell is important in helminth infections?

A

Th2

27
Q

What is Th2 activated by?

A

IL-10

28
Q

What does Th2 produce to stimulate IgE?

A

IL-4

29
Q

What effect does IL-4 and IL-3 have?

A

Stimulate mucous production and intestinal paralysis

FIIS (24 decks)

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