1. Intro to Immunology Flashcards
Name the primary lymph organs
Bone marrow
Thymus
Name the secondary lymph organs
Lymph nodes Spleen Appendix Tonsils Adenoids Peyer's patches
What are the components of the body’s physical barrier immunity?
Skin
Epithelial linings
Commensal bacteria
What are the chemical components of the body’s barrier immunity?
Acid (sweat and stomach)
Anti-microbial enzymes
Anti-microbial peptides
Where are anti-microbial enzymes found?
Lysozyme
Tears
Saliva
Gut
Name 3 antimicrobial peptides
Defensins
Cathelicidins
Histadins
What cells produce antimicrobial peptides?
Epithelial cells
Phagocytes
What mechanisms are included in barrier immunity?
Tears Cilia Peristalsis Coughing, sneezing, vomiting, diarrhoea Blinking
What is the most important quality of innate immunity?
It must be able to differentiate self from non-self
What does PAMP stand for?
Pathogen Associated Molecular Pattern
What recognises PAMPs?
Pathogen Recognition Receptors
Where are PRRs found?
Cell surface
Cytosol
Within endosome
What does activation of a PRR result in?
Release of pro-inflammatory and anti-pathogenic mediators
What do monocytes differentiate into?
Macrophages
Dendritic cells
Why are natural killer cells considered an exception?
They come from a lymphoid progenitor but act in the innate response
What is the function of Natural Killer cells?
Quickly kill virally-infected or tumour cells using perforin and proteases
Which cells play a role in adaptive immunity?
T and B lymphocytes
What are the responses in adaptive immunity?
Cell-mediated
Antibody
Where do T cells originate and mature?
Originate: bone marrow
Mature: thymus
What are T helper cells also known as?
CD4+ cells
What is the function of Th1 cells?
help macrophages and cytotoxic T cells
What is the function of Th2 cells?
Help B cells produce antibodies
What is the function of Th17 cells?
Neutrophil recruitment
What are cytotoxic T cells also known as?
CD8+
What can B cells differentiate into?
Plasma cells
What are the functions of antibodies?
Neutralisation
Opsonisation
Complement activation
What are cytokines?
Soluble proteins that regulate immune responses
Name the classes of cytokines
Interleukins
Interferons
Colony stimulating factors
Chemokines
What are the functions of interferons?
Anti-viral
Pro-inflammatory
