13. Immunodiagnostics Flashcards
What routine tests are done for immune disorders?
FBC CRP White cell count ESR Albumin D-dimers and fibrinogen
What could an increased ESR suggest?
Chronic inflammation
What protein decreases in acute inflammation?
Albumin
What is an assay?
Detection of large immune complexes trapped in a network
Eg. ELISA, immunofluorescence, flow cytometry
What is the difference between nephelometry and turbidimetry?
Nephelometry detects how light scatters
Turbidimetry detects how much light was absorbed
Which proteins are included in the diagnostic criteria for RA, but are not sufficient alone for a diagnosis?
Rheumatoid factor
Anti-CCP
What protein is used to monitor RA?
CRP
What is the positive predictive value?
% of people with positive result who have the disease
What is precision?
How well the result can be replicated
What is accuracy?
How close does it come to always telling the truth
What is sensitivity?
% of those with the disease that have a positive test
True positive/ TP and FN
What is specificity?
% of those without disease that got a negative test
TN/TN+FP
What is diagnostic efficacy?
How many patients are correctly classified
TP+TN/TP+TN+FP+FN
How is humoral immunity assessed?
History Measure immunoglobulins by serum protein electrophoresis Complement activity Functionally assess antibody production B cell numbers
How is antibody production assessed functionally?
Amount of naturally occurring
Vaccine induced antibodies
Test vaccination
