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FIIS > 19. Skin Pathology > Flashcards

19. Skin Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the name of the APCs within the epidermis?

A

Langerhan’s cells

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2
Q

What is the origin of melanocytes?

A

Neural crest

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3
Q

What is the function of melanocytes?

A

Produce melanin which they transfer to adjacent squamous cells
Protects nuclei of squamous cells from UV damage

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4
Q

What name is given to moles?

A

Melanocytic naevi

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5
Q

Why is a basal cell carcinoma called that?

A

Neoplasm is of small dark cells that look like basal cells in the epidermis

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6
Q

What does ‘palisading’ refer to in a basal cell carcinoma?

A

Cells and nuclei are arranged parallel

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7
Q

What is a basal cell carcinoma that erodes local structures known as?

A

‘Rodent ulcer’

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8
Q

What is a specific feature of squamous cell carcinomas?

A

Keratin production

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9
Q

What risk factors are associated with an increased risk of non-melanoma skin cancer?

A 
Skin type
UV exposure
Age
Radiation treatment
Immunosuppression
Rarely genetic
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10
Q

What type of NMSC is an immunosuppressed person more likely to get?

A

Squamous cell

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11
Q

What is Marjolin’s ulcer?

A

SCC found at the edge of old scars, burns and ulcers

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12
Q

What are genetic causes of SCCs?

A

Albinism

Xeroderma pigmentosum

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13
Q

Name a genetic cause of BCC?

A

Basal cell naevus syndrome

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14
Q

What are dysplastic epidermal lesions?

A

Squamous lesions that show dysplasia

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15
Q

Give 2 examples of dysplastic epidermal lesions

A

actinic/solar keratosis

Bowen’s disease

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16
Q

What is actinic keratosis?

A

Often seen in elderly

Epidermis shows dysplasia in sun exposed areas

17
Q

What is Bowen’s disease

A

In-situ SCC in non-sun exposed sites

18
Q

How are NMSCs treated?

A 
Surgical or dermabrasion (AK)
Cryotherapy
Topical treatment
appraise other lesions
Moh's micrographic surgery
19
Q

What’s is Moh’s micrographic surgery?

A

Small pieces of tumour taken out until margins are clear

20
Q

What is an ephelis?

A

Freckle

Localised area of increased melanin production

21
Q

What is a benign lentigo?

A

Flat lesion with increased numbers of melanocytes in basal layer

22
Q

What is a melanocytic naevus?

A

Clonal proliferation of melanocytes in nests

Evolves over time

23
Q

What is a naevus?

A

Hamartoma of a skin element

Found at birth or early in life

24
Q

Where can malignant melanoma arise apart from skin?

A

Eye
Meninges
Mucosa
Genitourinary tract

25
Q

Melanomas can also be non-pigment producing. T/F?

A

True: amelanotic

26
Q

What are satellite nodes?

A

Malignant melanoma spreads within the skin

27
Q

Where do malignant melanoma mets commonly go?

A

Liver, lung, brain

28
Q

What is the difference between Breslow thickness and Clarke’s level of invasion?

A

Breslow measures the thickness of the lesion

Clarke measures the layer of skin

29
Q

What are the histological classifications of malignant melanoma?

A

Superficial spreading
Nodular
Acral
Lentigo maligna

30
Q

Where is acral melanoma found?

A

Palms and soles

31
Q

What is lentigo maligna?

A

Flat, irregular, pigmented lesion
Caused by proliferation of atypical junctional melanocytes
Chronic sun exposed skin (faces of elderly)
Can evolve to in situ malignant melanoma

32
Q

How are pigmented lesions assessed?

A

Dermoscopy

33
Q

Why should suspected melanoma not be shaved, punched or incised?

A

Could cause an in situ melanoma to break the basement membrane

34
Q

When should a sentinel node biopsy be done?

A

Only when the node is clinically involved

35
Q

What is the target of Vemurafenib?

A

B-RAF

36
Q

What is the target of Ipilimumab?

A

CTLA-4

FIIS (24 decks)

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