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FIIS > 16. Hypersensitivity > Flashcards

16. Hypersensitivity Flashcards

1
Q

What is hypersensitivity?

A

When a strong immune response leads to tissue damage

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2
Q

What is Type 1 hypersensitivity?

A

IgE mediated immediate hypersensitivity

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3
Q

What is Type 2 hypersensitivity?

A

Antibody mediated cytotoxicity

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4
Q

What is Type 3 hypersensitivity?

A

Immune complex deposition

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5
Q

What is Type 4 hypersensitivity?

A

Delayed hypersensitivity

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6
Q

Which types of hypersensitivity require antibody production?

A

1-3

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7
Q

What diseases are associated with IgE?

A 
Rhinitis
Asthma
Urticaria
angioedema
Eczema
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8
Q

What are the 3 stages of a type 1 hypersensitivity reaction?

A

Sensitisation
Acute phase
Late phase

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9
Q

What is sensitisation?

A

Can occur on any exposure to the antigen, by the antigen itself or cross-reactivity
Primes immune system to have an allergic reaction later on

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10
Q

What is involved in the acute phase of a type 1 hypersensitivity reaction?

A

Immediate release of histamine from mast cells

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11
Q

What is involved in the late phase of a type 1 hypersensitivity reaction?

A

Eosinophil accumulation causes a second wave response

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12
Q

Describe the process of a type 2 hypersensitivity reaction

A

Autoantibody binds to tissue
Complement is activated
Inflammatory cells influx and cause tissue damage
Can be drug induced if drug creates an altered self

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13
Q

Give 2 examples of a type 2 hypersensitivity reaction

A

Autoimmune cytopaenias

Anti-glomerular basement membrane disease

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14
Q

What is a special type 2 hypersensitivity reaction?

A

Antibodies bind to functionally important receptors

Act as agonists

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15
Q

Give 2 examples of special type 2 hypersensitivity reactions

A

Myasthenia gravis and ACh receptor

Graves disease and TSH receptor

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16
Q

How can a type 2 hypersensitivity reaction be seen in the lab?

A

Tissue specific antibodies
Ig deposition on biopsy
Complement isn’t affected

17
Q

Describe the mechanism of a type 3 hypersensitivity reaction

A

Immune complexes lodge in tissue

Large complement activation leads to inflammation

18
Q

Give 2 diseases that involve type 3 hypersensitivity reactions

A

SLE

Rheumatoid vasculitis

19
Q

How can type 3 hypersensitivity reaction be seen in the lab?

A

Low C3 and C4 (consumed by reaction)
Complement degradation products
CH100 rules out a complement deficiency
‘Lupus band’ on fluorescent microscopy of skin

20
Q

What is a lupus band?

A

Dotted line of IgG along the dermal/epidermal junction

21
Q

Describe the mechanism of a type 4 hypersensitivity reaction

A

Positive feedback loop is formed between macrophages and Th1 cells
Causes granuloma formation

22
Q

Give 2 examples of a type 4 hypersensitivity reaction

A

RA

Cellular rejection

FIIS (24 decks)

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