4.5 Musculoskeletal malfunctions: causes, symptoms, and effects Flashcards
What are the symptoms of Osteo arthritis
Joint pain, stiffness, problems moving the joint, swelling, tenderness around the joint, and joints become misshaped.
What are the symptoms of Rheumatoid arthritis
Immune system is attacking joints, joint pain, problems moving the joint, stiffness, fatigue, fever, inflamed, swollen, and red joints.
Physiological causes of osteo arthritis
Cartilage in joints starts to become thin and rough. It occurs naturally as part of aging. Body tries to repair so the body starts to grow new bones in the joint which can cause pain.
Physiological causes of rheumatoid arthritis
Immune system becomes overactive, antibodies attacks the synovial capsule of a joint. Not known why this happens. Infection- fighting fluid build up causes swelling and inflammation. Joint becomes out of shape, painful, and hot to touch.
Risk factors for osteo arthritis
More common and more severe in women, obesity is an important factor in causing OA as it places extra strain on joints, especially in weight bearing joints such as the knee and hip. Individuals mid 40s are often more likely if individuals have other joint problems such as gout.
Risk factors of rheumatoid arthritis
2-3x more common in women, genetics- have a relative with RA increases the chances of developing the condition (exact link unknown), most people are diagnosed between the ages of 40-60
What are the symptoms for osteoporosis
Bones have become hollow and brittle, more likely to get broken bones more easily, also can become shorter.
What are the physiological causes of osteoporosis
The honeycomb structure in the spongy bone has become larger and the overall bone density is lower, due to an imbalance between osteoblasts and osteoclasts. This causes bones to become more fragile, so more likely to fracture. Bone degradation begins at 40. Osteoporosis means bones have a significant loss of bone density. Bones become fragile.
Risk factors of osteoporosis
Women- bone loss speeds up after menopause, lack of oestrogen in the body due to early menopause, long-term use of steroids- these medicines reduce the amount of calcium absorbed from the gut and increases calcium loss through the kidneys, lack of weight bearing- exercise encourages bone development. Exercise creates stress on bones which prompts the creation of new bone tissue, poor diet- not getting enough calcium or vitamin D, oestrogen- helps in production of osteoblasts, calcium- vital element in the production of bone tissue, Vitamin D- helps the body absorb calcium.
