2.5 Respiratory malfunctions: causes, symptoms, and effects Flashcards
Symptoms of asthma?
Breathlessness, wheezing, coughing
Symptoms of emphysema (COPD/COAD)?
Breathlessness, susceptibility to chest infections, cough with phlegm production, fatigue, barrel-shaped chest, and persistent cough.
Symptoms of cystic fibrosis?
Reduced lung function, difficulty putting on weight, frequent wet-sounding coughs, diarrhoea, occasional wheezing, lung problems, and digestive problems.
Physiological causes of asthma?
Exposure to various irritants and substances that trigger allergies. Airborne allergens, such as pollen, dust mites, mold spores, pet dander or particles of cockroach waste. Inflammation of bronchi (less air allowed in and out of lungs as airway is narrowed), so muscles tighten as a reaction to a trigger, increase in mucus production.
Physiological causes of COPD?
Long-term exposure to irritants that damage your lungs and airways. For example, air pollution and chemical fumes and dusts, smoking and passive smoking.
Physiological causes of cystic fibrosis?
Condition is caused by a genetic mutation that means cells in the human body are unable to move salt and water around effectively. It is genetically inherited at birth, baby can have salty skin. The protein produced by a gene causes mucus to become sticky rather than runny. There is no cure, reduced life expectancy, and genetics have to be in both parents.
Risk factors and common comorbidities in asthma?
Family history, allergies, viral respiratory infections, occupational exposures, smoking, air pollution, obesity, and pre-mature births.
Risk factors and common comorbidities in COPD?
History of childhood respiratory infections, smoke exposure of coal or wood burning stove, secondhand smoke, history of asthma, underdeveloped lungs, and ages 40 or older as lung function declines as you age.
Risk factors and common comorbidities in Cystic fibrosis?
Genetics influence cystic fibrosis because it is caused by a genetic mutation in a gene that produces cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator protein. The genetics have to be in both parents. It increases lung infections because the mucus in the lungs is thicker so it is hard to get rid of. Increase risk in fertility because of abnormal development of vas deferens, epididymis, and seminal vesicles.
Physical effects?
May not be able to exercise if they struggle with breathing, struggle doing daily activities e.g., getting dressed, and they may struggle with maintaining their personal hygiene.
Intellectual effects?
May struggle with leaning in work/education due to being in pain or uncomfortable, they may be missing time off work work/school due to doctors appointments.
Emotional effects?
They may be worried, scared, depressed, have anxiety, or be embarrassed about their situation as they may not have anyone to talk to.
Social effects?
They may give up hobbies if they get out of breath easily, may be unable to engage n certain activities so they might isolate themselves, may not be able to maintain relationships as they may feel worried about telling people.
