4.23 post-colonial ties

Question 1

How did Britain meaning influence in its former colonial

Answer 1

Establishment of Commonwealth Secretary general in 1964

Permitted coordination of commonwealth activities

Question 2

How did commonwealth maintain political ties with colonies?(2)

Answer 2

-shared political tradion

-regular commonwealth conferences that took place every 2 years in London attended by Pms and presidents

-helped booster international position (+space on UN Security Council very powerful)

Question 3

Why was it significant the commonwealth was not a military alliance?

Answer 3

No formal commitment to Britain

(Although all citizens from commonwealth remained eligible to serve the British armed forces)

Question 4

Where did Britain maintain military bases post independence (4)

Answer 4

Malta
Chorus
Hong Kong
Singapore

Question 5

How did some men become involved in commonwealth

Answer 5

Some places had national service until 1960 were was abolished(not British national service)

Question 6

In what ways were commonwealth financially linked to Britain

Answer 6

-economic commonwealth conference 1952

-London still major financial centre

-many ex colonies remain in striking area

Question 7

Why was commonwealth trade especially crucial up to 1973

Answer 7

Exclusion from EEC

Question 8

Why did British people migrate to commonwealth contoured post war

Answer 8

Demand for labour in Australia, Canada and NZ which offered better protesters

Rationing continues post war until
1954

87k go to Australia
66k to Canada

Question 9

What did migrating Britain’s do to post colonial ties

Answer 9

Linked them to white dominions

25% population where in contact with a relative in dominions by 1948

Question 10

Why did people start migrating to Britain from commonwealth in 1967?

Answer 10

-improved living standards and full employment

-45k from India and Pakistan
(People in Britain came into direct contact with the people from the ex-empire

Question 11

What was the Monarch’s role in relations with former colonies

Answer 11

Queen symbol of commonwealth
She visited commonwealth and held regular meetings with heads of gov from commonwealth countries

Many people in commonwealth listened to annual Christmas Day message

Question 13

How did Britain remain culturally connected with former colonies?(6)

Answer 13

-commonwealth citizens eligible for British honours

-empire day abolished in 1962

People in former colonies with anglicised names

-Anglican church has more members in Africa than Britain

-Boy Scout movements maintains ties across former empire

Commonwealth games every 4 years

Question 14

Was there much migration to Britain pre 1947?

Answer 14

No

Question 15

What was the British nationality act 1948

Answer 15

-recognition of empires contribution to the wane

-gave full British citizenship to all empire inhabitants

Question 16

What was the Windrush?

Answer 16

-steamship carry 492 Jamaicans arrived in 1948

Question 17

Why were people encouraged to migrate to British in the 1950s

Answer 17

-many low skill labour jobs in factories +transport and NHS

1956 London transport took 4000 new employees

Question 18

What were the number of migrants from commonwealth in 1958?

Answer 18

115kcwestnindies

55kcindians

25k west Africans

Question 19

Why did tensions increase in the 1950s

Answer 19

-in Italy reaction to other races was uncertainty

-worries about British cultural dilution of national identity

Question 20

What inequalities did immigrants face?

Answer 20

-bad jobs
-bad houses

Question 21

How did British public respond to arrival of migrants from around empire?(3)

Answer 21

-1958 gangs of ‘Teddy boy’ attack black people and a riot breaks out in Notting Hill

-Oswald Mosley anti-immigration movement by 1962 90% population supported legislation to decrease immigration

-racist attitudes in working class who found themselves loving in immigrant communities

Question 22

How many migrants arrived to Britain each year 1962-65?

Answer 22

50,000

By 1967 black population nearly a million

Question 23

What did a survey in north London 1965 show

Answer 23

20% of people objected to working with black or Asian people

Question 24

What was the 1962 commonwealth immigrants act?

Answer 24

Attempt to control escalating immigration

Free migration for former colonial subjects was needed even when they had a British passport

Immigrants divided into 3 groups (those already employed incUL, those with qualifications in short supply and ex-servicemen given priority

(Irish and whites got away with it though vouchers-blacks didn’t in the 12 months after immigration fell to 35,000)

Question 25

What was the public reaction of the British commonwealth to the 1962 commonwealth immigrants act?

Answer 25

70% support

However immigrants feared they would be unable to return in the left Britain so it encouraged them to bring their families over

Question 26

What was the main issue on the 1964 general election

Answer 26

Immigration

Question 27

What was Peter Griffith’ slogan

Answer 27

If u want an n word for your neighbour vote labour

Labour PM Wilson called it a discards to British democracy-labour win election

Question 28

What did the new Labour gov under Wilson do to decrease immigration

Answer 28

Reduced the quote of vouchers and only allowed children under 16 to enter as family member

Question 29

What was the race relations board 1965 and why was it created?(3)

Answer 29

-1965 race relations act forbade discrimination in public places

-discrimination in housing and employment excluded (race hatred becomes a criminal defence)

-982 complains first year 734 dismissed through lack of evidence

Question 30

What made it even more difficult for migrants from India and Pakistan to settle in Britain?(3)

Answer 30

-87% Jamaicans felt British but only 2% Indians did in a served

Kids high achievers regarded as more alienated

Religious differences

Question 31

What ways did empire continue to shape culture and attires in Britain(6)

Answer 31

-TV
-film
-news
-festivals/celebration
-literature
-education

Question 32

What ways did empire continue to shape culture and attires in Britain

Tv

Answer 32

People have TVs in their homes (share imperial ideas

-Death do us part 1960s racial stereotypes

Black and white Minstrel show

Question 33

What ways did empire continue to shape culture and attires in Britain

Film:

Answer 33

-imperial themes

Sulu 1964
Khartoum 1966

Show imperial heros ect

Question 34

What ways did empire continue to shape culture and attires in Britain

News (3’

Answer 34

-suez crisis reported widely

-condemnation of actions of indigenous people (Mau Mau rebellion

-media largely accepted loss of empire to focus of internal issues

Question 35

What ways did empire continue to shape culture and attires in Britain

Festivals and celebrations

Answer 35

Empire day 1962 renamed commonwealth day but no longer a national holiday

Coining colonial exhibitions

Question 36

What ways did empire continue to shape culture and attires in Britain

Literature

Answer 36

Novels show imperial theme e.g the jungle book

Question 37

What ways did empire continue to shape culture and attires in Britain

Education

Answer 37

Still focused on imperial past and gave positive option on empire

History showed the importance of the empire