3.13 expansion and contraction of empire Flashcards
What countries contributed significant amount of man power to help Britain in WW1?
India 1.4,
Canada 630k
Australia 420k
New Zealand 136j
What did the empire also supply British with that was crucial for the war efforts?
-vital raw materials
-presidents of dominions join war cabinet however it had two sessions and Britain dominated proceedings
When does David Lloyd George become priminster and what does he do?
1916 greater effort to put the use of resource of manpower and materials from empire
Who was imperial preferred introduced for?
Suppliers and schemes for future imperial self-sufficiency
What ways did WW1 affect the white dominions?(3)
Large number of people join armed forces
Dominions has the final say in if to adopt conscription
South African airforce fought successfully against the Germans in its colonies
When does New Zealand and Canada adopt conscription?
Canada: 1917
New Zealand: 1916
How did WW1 affect India?
-Indian army physically unprepared to fight a European war
-33% troops in France Autumn of 1914 were Indian or British soldiers who had formerly served in India -would fight to become an equal part of empire
In 1917 how much did the Indian government contribute towards Britain’s war effort
£100 million
In acknowledgment of India’s £100 million contribution in 1917 what did the Secretary of State for India promise?(Montagu)
More responsible self-government
How did WW1 affect British colonies in Africa?(2(
-Egypt turned into a protectorate 1914(1.2 million Egyptians recruited to protect Egypt and the Middle East)
70,000 west and East African troops fought in Africa
Why did Britain want to acquire Palestine?(2)
Main overland route to Britain’s India+Asian empire
Close proximity to suez canal
Why did Britain want to acquire Mesopotamia (Iraq)
Economic reasons (oil rich)
Want agreement did Britain and France plot to split up Ottoman Empire?
1916 Sykes-Picot agreement
Britain: Jordan, south Iraq and Palestine
France: east turret, north Iraq, Syria and Lebanon
What promise had Britain made to Palestine?
-encouraged Arab rebels to rebel against ottomans
But had also made promise to Jews in 1917 Balfour declaration(letter from former PM to Rothschild)
What did the Balfour declaration 1917 say and what did it not say
Promised British support for a national homeland
Did not promise a separate state or undermine Arab rights
What issues did the Balfour declaration lead to?
1918 Zionist commission campaign for new rights
Arabs set up Muslim-Christian association as a response
Violent chaises between the two
Jews migrate to Palestine by 1931(18% pop) was 7% in 1918
What convinced British offials that annexation shouldn’t be permanent? Egypt
Serious demonstrations in 1919
What stripped Germany of its former colonies?
1919
When was Sykes-Picot agreement?
May 1916
Wear stripped Ottoman Empire of ore colonial territories?
Treaty of Sèvres 1920
Treaty of Lausanne 1923
When did Britain recognise Egyptian independence?
1922
What was in cocked in the anglo-Egyptian treaty?1936
(3)
British troops withdraw to defend Suez Canal Zone
10,000 troops allowed in Suez Canal Zone but unlimited number of troops permitted in Egypt as an emergency
Egypt assisted to join League of Nations