2.12 Relatioms Witn Indigenous People

Question 1

When did a nationalist movement occur in India?

Answer 1

In the years up to 1914

Question 2

What does sedition mean?

Answer 2

Trying to incite people to rebel against the authority of a state or monarch

Question 3

Who were the main cause of opposition to British rule in India in the 1890s?

Answer 3

The educated Indian professional classes

Question 4

When was the young India organisation founded?

Answer 4

1902

Question 5

What did the young India organisation do?

Answer 5

Became a home for several revolutionaries and political activists, established branches in various parts in India and carried out assassinations of British officials

Question 6

What caused the most opposition to the British Raj?

Answer 6

Viceroy Curzon’s partition of Bengal

Question 7

What were the British challenges in Africa a result of?(2 asp)

Answer 7

-competition with other European settlers
-local people who sought to eliminate British influence

Question 8

What was the challenges to British rule in Somaliland?

Answer 8

1899 group of Somali children converted to Christianity

-army build up of 20,000 at attack Christians-not able to be suppressed until 1920

Question 9

What was the difficulty for the British in controlling Zanzibar?

Answer 9

Power challenged briefly by Khalid Bin Barghash(assumed power in 1896- commanded 3000 men. However he quickly fled following heavy bombardment from nearby anchored British ships)

Question 10

Describe the British difficulty in West Africa?

Answer 10

In 1898 Britain introduced a new tax on dwellings known as the ‘hut tax’ and insisted local chiefs organise their followers to maintain roads-demands met with resistance.

Britain deployed a scorched earth policy

Question 11

What is a scorched earth policy?

Answer 11

A military strategy that involves destroying anything that might be useful to the enemy while advancing through an enemy

Question 12

What happened in 1889?

Answer 12

A joint Anglo-Egyptian government declared over Sudan

Military and civil gov in Sudan was invested in a governor general appointed by the Khedive of Egypt but nominated by the British gov

(Wishes or Sudan people were ignored)

Question 13

What did Kitchiner’s conquest of Egyptian Sudan result in?

Answer 13

The battle of Omdurman and the fall of Khartoum in 1898

Question 14

What has the Mahdist regime done to the Sudanese economy?

Answer 14

Reduced it by 50% through famine,disease, persecution and warfare

Question 15

What was the initial problem for the British once they gained control of Sudan?

Answer 15

They struggled to control the south who refused to renounce their customs or pay British tax

Question 16

How did Britain deal with resistance to their rule in South Sudan?

Answer 16

By using the death penalty frequently, which naturally led to further resistance (33 punitive expeditions mounted to attempting to force rebels to accept the new order’

-uprisings in 1900,1902-03,1904,1908 each followed by an increasingly violent wave of British reprisals

Question 17

Who were the utilanders?

Answer 17

British settlers who had flocked to Transvaal in search of gold. They paid taxes but we’re denied the vote as they had to secure 14 years residency and be over 40 to gain the vote

50,000 Britains were excluded from political rights despite Boers living in the cape colony having been given voting rights

Question 18

When did Celtic Rhodes become priminster of cape?

Answer 18

1890

Question 19

As the prime minister of cape what was Cecil Rhodes overall aim?

Answer 19

To bring the Boer republics into a South African federation in which cape would be the domain partner

-this idea stemmed from irritation and damage the high tariffs imposed by the Boers were cussing to trade and the personal hostility of Paul Kruger

Question 20

Why did the power and prestige of Transvaal grow in 1886?

Answer 20

Discovery of gold in 1886 and its control over Swaziland by establishing its own independent rail networks -Cecil Rhodes and Colonial secretary chamberlain worried that Britain’s dominance in South Africa was threatened

Question 21

When was the Jameson raid?

Answer 21

1895(an attempt to topple Kruger’s gov)

Question 22

Who was the high commissioner of South Africa from 1897?

Answer 22

Alfred miller

Question 23

What was Alfred Miler’s picky toward the Boers?

Answer 23

Extremely vigorous

Question 24

Who was shot by a Transvaal policeman in December 1898?

Answer 24

Tom Edgar

Question 25

When was the Bloemfontein conference?

Answer 25

May-June 1899

Question 26

What happened at the Bloemfontein conference?

Answer 26

Miler demanded the Transvaal grand voting rights to the utilanderss

Kruger refused and both sides began to mobilise troops

Question 27

What happened in October 1899?

Answer 27

Kruger issued an ultimatum demanding a British withdrawal from the borders of the Boer republics(war broke out when the British stood firm)

Question 28

What led Britain to wining the Boer war in 1902

Answer 28

Scorched earth policy deployed by general Kitchener

Question 29

Where were Boer families and black Africans placed during the war?

Answer 29

Concentration camps with horrendous conditions(loads died due to disease and malnutrition)

Question 30

By the end of the Boer war how many people were living in the concentration camps?

Answer 30

115,000

Question 31

How many British soldiers were killed by the diseases spreading in the concentration camps?

Answer 31

16,000

Question 32

When did the Boers officially surrender?

Answer 32

May 1902

Question 33

Why did the Boer war massively Shake British confidence?

Answer 33

Anticipated that it would last 3-4 months, 75,000 troops and cost no more than £10 million to win a decisive victory

-lasted nearly 3 years involved 400,000 troops and cost £230 million (22,00 brith killed with only 600 Boers killed)

Question 34

What did fighting a white enemy do to Britain’s justification of colonialism

Answer 34

Destabilised notions of British mortal superiority as this war could not be justified by a racist colonial mindset

-war showed Britain’s vulnerability of imperial control and made it more aware of its inability to inflict its will on other people without a cost(Britain had to call troops from all over the empire to maintain the fight leaving areas of the empire more vulnerable

Question 35

What did the British failings in the Boer war eventually lead to?

Answer 35

A drive for national efficiency and dampened the jingoism that characterised the 1890s(after this the conservatives were the only party who spoke out in favour for imperialism)

Question 36

What was the treaty that ended the Boer war?

Answer 36

Treaty of Vereeniging of May 1902 which granted the Boers £3 million compensation in order to restock and restore their farms

Question 37

What did Milner work for after the Boer war?

Answer 37

Integration of the economies of the Boers and British colonies and bringing them into a single customs union and amalgamation (uniting)of their railway systems

Question 38

When was Transvaal granted self governing status?

Answer 38

190y

Question 39

What happened in 1910 in South Africa?

Answer 39

Parliaments of cape, Transvaal, organs river colony and people of natal vote in a referendum in favour of the establishment of the union of South Africa as an independent dominion within the British empire

(States allowed to maintain a their own voting policies)