2.12 Relatioms Witn Indigenous People Flashcards
When did a nationalist movement occur in India?
In the years up to 1914
What does sedition mean?
Trying to incite people to rebel against the authority of a state or monarch
Who were the main cause of opposition to British rule in India in the 1890s?
The educated Indian professional classes
When was the young India organisation founded?
1902
What did the young India organisation do?
Became a home for several revolutionaries and political activists, established branches in various parts in India and carried out assassinations of British officials
What caused the most opposition to the British Raj?
Viceroy Curzon’s partition of Bengal
What were the British challenges in Africa a result of?(2 asp)
-competition with other European settlers
-local people who sought to eliminate British influence
What was the challenges to British rule in Somaliland?
1899 group of Somali children converted to Christianity
-army build up of 20,000 at attack Christians-not able to be suppressed until 1920
What was the difficulty for the British in controlling Zanzibar?
Power challenged briefly by Khalid Bin Barghash(assumed power in 1896- commanded 3000 men. However he quickly fled following heavy bombardment from nearby anchored British ships)
Describe the British difficulty in West Africa?
In 1898 Britain introduced a new tax on dwellings known as the ‘hut tax’ and insisted local chiefs organise their followers to maintain roads-demands met with resistance.
Britain deployed a scorched earth policy
What is a scorched earth policy?
A military strategy that involves destroying anything that might be useful to the enemy while advancing through an enemy
What happened in 1889?
A joint Anglo-Egyptian government declared over Sudan
Military and civil gov in Sudan was invested in a governor general appointed by the Khedive of Egypt but nominated by the British gov
(Wishes or Sudan people were ignored)
What did Kitchiner’s conquest of Egyptian Sudan result in?
The battle of Omdurman and the fall of Khartoum in 1898
What has the Mahdist regime done to the Sudanese economy?
Reduced it by 50% through famine,disease, persecution and warfare
What was the initial problem for the British once they gained control of Sudan?
They struggled to control the south who refused to renounce their customs or pay British tax
How did Britain deal with resistance to their rule in South Sudan?
By using the death penalty frequently, which naturally led to further resistance (33 punitive expeditions mounted to attempting to force rebels to accept the new order’
-uprisings in 1900,1902-03,1904,1908 each followed by an increasingly violent wave of British reprisals
Who were the utilanders?
British settlers who had flocked to Transvaal in search of gold. They paid taxes but we’re denied the vote as they had to secure 14 years residency and be over 40 to gain the vote
50,000 Britains were excluded from political rights despite Boers living in the cape colony having been given voting rights
When did Celtic Rhodes become priminster of cape?
1890
As the prime minister of cape what was Cecil Rhodes overall aim?
To bring the Boer republics into a South African federation in which cape would be the domain partner
-this idea stemmed from irritation and damage the high tariffs imposed by the Boers were cussing to trade and the personal hostility of Paul Kruger
Why did the power and prestige of Transvaal grow in 1886?
Discovery of gold in 1886 and its control over Swaziland by establishing its own independent rail networks -Cecil Rhodes and Colonial secretary chamberlain worried that Britain’s dominance in South Africa was threatened
When was the Jameson raid?
1895(an attempt to topple Kruger’s gov)
Who was the high commissioner of South Africa from 1897?
Alfred miller
What was Alfred Miler’s picky toward the Boers?
Extremely vigorous
Who was shot by a Transvaal policeman in December 1898?
Tom Edgar
