2.10 Attitudes To Empire-the Role And Influence Of Individuals

Question 1

What did Joseph Chamberlain turn down to become the Secretary of State for colonies in 1895?

Answer 1

-Home secretary
-chancellor of the exchequer

Question 2

What did Chamberlain believe when he became the secretary of the colonies?

Answer 2

He acknowledged the relative decline in industrial and military spheres towards the end of the century and that other nations (Germany) posed a challenge to British do since . However he believed the empire could still sustain British prosperity and prestige

Question 3

What did Chamberlain believe needed to be done for Britain to maintain its status as a world power?

Answer 3

The imperial bonds reinforcing empire would need to be present

Question 4

Where did Chamberlain propose animperial defence and customs union?

Answer 4

Colonial conferences in 1897 and 1902

Question 5

What happened when chamberlain proposed an imperial defence and customs union(imperial preference)

Answer 5

It was rejected by the self-governing settler colonies

Question 6

What did Chamberlain do as a strong advocate of ‘colonial development’?

Answer 6

Promoted government invested in less profitable areas of empire (wanted to improve tropical trade)

Question 7

Quote about Chamberlains jingoism?

Answer 7

“I believe the British race is the greatest of the governing races the world has ever seen”

Question 8

Why was Chamberlain o pillar in Britain at the start of the second Boer war?

Answer 8

His aggressive attitude towards the war but as the war dragged on he lost some of his glory. When Salisbury retired in 1902 he was not picked to replace him and reigned as colonial secretary

Question 9

Describe Chamberlains campaign of tariff reform(this was after he was colonial secretary)?

Answer 9

Attempt to convince British public of the need for duties on all foreign goods-to give the colonies imperial preference and access to a duty-free British market -formed the tariff reform league

Question 10

What did Joseph Chamberlain’s tariff reform league do?

Answer 10

Organised the distribution of large numbers of leaflets and played Chamberlain’s recorded messages to crowds -said that imperial preference would decrease unemployment

This did not work, split the Conservative Party and liberals won 1906 election as people were more focused on cost of living

Question 11

What caused the end of Chamberlain’s political career?

Answer 11

A stroke

Question 12

When did Cecil Rhodes become prime minister of the cape colony?

Answer 12

1890( he was driven by a strong conviction that British civilisation and control were key to the betterment of the world)

Question 13

Who did Rhodes impress audiences at home with his belief that Britain should expand through Africa?

Answer 13

Through his vast fortune and political power

Question 14

What was Rhodes ultimate aim?

Answer 14

Cape to Cairo

Question 15

Why was cape to Cairo never completed?

Answer 15

It was blocked by the German occupation of East Africa in 1891

Question 16

Why did Rhodes resign from the prime minister of the cape colony in 1896

Answer 16

Because of the Jameson raid

Question 17

Was there many types of colonial administration if so list them

Answer 17

-Viceroy of India
-Britain’s high commissioner of South Africa
-consul-general of Egypt

Question 18

When was George Curzon appointed viceroy of India?

Answer 18

1899

Question 19

What did Viceroy Curzon’s fear about Russian expansion lead him to do?

Answer 19

-create a north-west frontier province in 1901 and dispatch a military force into Tibet

Question 20

What did Viceroy Curzon change in the structure of India?(5 asp)

Answer 20

-established legislation to improve agricultural
-reintroduce means tests for famine relief preventing 1 million people in the Bombay region receiving aid from 1899-1902
-expanded provincial police
-re-arming of Indian regiments
-constructed 6000 miles of railway to help Britain to control India

Question 21

What did Curzon founding the Imperial Cadet Corps do to Indian nobles?

Answer 21

Game them a military role and the prospect of officer commissioners (he believed keeping Indian elites loyal was crucial to the success of the Raj

Question 22

Why was Curzon reluctant to give Indians any responsibility?

Answer 22

Because of his racial views

Question 23

What formed Curzon to resign in 1905?

Answer 23

Dividing the troublesome province of Bengal (thought it would weaken his enemies)which led to widespread Indian resistance

Question 24

Who was Evelyn Baring?

Answer 24

Consul-General in Egypt between 1883 and 1907

Saw himself as a moral reform maker as well as an administrator

Question 25

What did Baring believe about a long occupation of Egypt ?

Answer 25

It was essential which is why he established the new guiding principle the ‘Grandville doctrine’

Question 26

What did the Grandville doctrine allow Baring to do?

Answer 26

Dismiss Egyptian ministers who refused to accept British directives

Question 27

When did Baring effectively control Egypt until?

Answer 27

1907

Question 28

Why did Baring disband the Egyptian army and create a new one similar to that of what existed in India?

Answer 28

He didn’t trust it because of its previous uprisings against the Khedive

Question 29

How much control did Baring have over Egypt’s economy?

Answer 29

Total control and he dealt with the budget personally

(Conceded British rule would end in the future but continually refused Egyptian requests for more of a say in how their county was run)

Question 30

When Tewfiq died in 1892 who replaced him and what was his aims?

Answer 30

Abbas Hikmi II, he wanted to throw of British rule

Question 31

What happened to the Abbas Hilmi II’s nationalist movement?

Answer 31

Baring bullied him and his movement into submission

Question 32

What views did Baring hold?

Answer 32

Orientalist views(regarding Egypt being under the grip of Islam)

Question 33

Why was Baring forced to resign his post?

Answer 33

After the events in Denshawai in 1906 which revealed the inequality and discrimination in the British colonial justice system

Question 34

What happened in the Denshawai incident?

Answer 34

In June 1906 a group of British officers agitated the residents of Dinshaway by hunting for sport the pigeons that served as a local source of livelihood. A scuffle broke out, and in the midst of the fray an officer’s gun was fired, wounding a female villager and provoking further attack upon the soldiers.

Question 35

What was Baring awarded in Britain upon his return from Egypt?

Answer 35

£50,000

Question 36

Who was Alfred Miler?

Answer 36

An administrator who served in Egypt 1889-92 and as chairman of the board of Indian revenue 1892-97

Question 37

What did Alfred Miler become in 1897?

Answer 37

Handpicked by Chamberlain to become the high commissioner of South Africa

Question 38

When was Kruger re-elected as president of Transvaal?

Answer 38

February 1898

Question 39

What was Milners demands to Kruger about the utilanders?

Answer 39

He demanded full citizenship after 5 years residents

Question 40

What had Milner decided by the time of the Bloemfontein conference in May-June 1899?

Answer 40

He would use force to get is why(however Kruger was the one who declared war in October 1899)

Question 41

When did Milner take administration of transvaal and orange free state?

Answer 41

1901, he negotiated the peace of Vereeniging in 1902 along side Lord Kitchener (commander in chief)

Question 42

What contributed to the loss of the 1906 election for the conservatives?

Answer 42

Chinese workers being used in the gold mining industry who were flogged and racially abused by white mangers -Liberal gov rejected Milners plans for the future of Transvaal

Question 43

What is orientalism?

Answer 43

The way western societies perceived societies in Africa and Asia particularly societies which they had colonised

-stereotypes they were similar to each other and dissimilar to the west