1.4 Attitides To Empire-role And Influence Of Individuals Flashcards
Who was David Livingstone?(5)
-Scottish explorer (originally a missionary)
Travelled 1841-56 tried to open a path for Christianity
Tried to discover source of the Nile and discovered lake Victoria in 1885
Did Lectures at Cambridge discussing what he had discovered
Book “missionaries travels and researches in South Africa” became a best seller selling 28,000 copies
When was Livingstones death and what happened
1873 malaria
Becomes a national hero
Who was John Kirk?(5)
-Scottish physician
-Christian duty-committed to removing slavery in Africa
Appointed chief medical officer for Livingstone’s Zambezi exhibition
Became medicinal officer in Zanzibar and vice consul 1868 lived out rest of his life as a diplomat and eventually ruled the island
Ensured Zanzibar acted as a client state to Britain
Who was sir Richard Burton(3)
Spoke 29 languages
Explored east Africa with Speke and was the first European to to see Lake Tanganyika
Wrote 43 volumes on his explorations-not imperial motivation spirit for adventure
Who was John Speke (3)
Joined Burton on his quest to find the source of the Nile
First European to find Lake Victoria which he argued was the Nile’s source
Speke dies in a shooting accident 1864 day before he was due to appear in a public debate against burton on the Nile’e source
What were missionary societies(2)?
Beloved Christian conversion was a worldwide duty
Belief in Christianity and In the worthlessness of other faiths gave them courage to do their work (all variations seek to spread Christian faith)
What role did Missionary societies play in promoting missionary work?
-conferences set up to oversee mission in different parts of the world
Recruited people from Britain to do missionary work
Produced pamphlets to relay stores and gain more financial backers
How did missionary societies open territories up to British rule?
Established links with indigenous communities
Missionaries would seek imperial protection and act as a trading agent sharing knowledge on geographic and strategic information with imperial authorities
What is an example of missionaries laying the ground works for empire
Methodist missionaries in Australia prepared the ground for British rule in Fiji 1874
How many missionaries were in the field by 1900?
12,000
Why did missionaries sometimes frustrate colonial administrators?
Missionaries were prepared to challenge imperial authorities when they acted against the people they were sharing faith with
What did Lord Salisbury describe missionaries as?
Vulgar radicals (believed the purpose of empire to increase Britain’s wealth and power not protect indigenous people rights
(Missionaries also worked along side other Europeans)
Describe Cecil Rhodes (7)
-send to South Africa for his health worked with his brother on a farm-moved to diamond fields of Kimberly when it failed 1871
-borrowed money from Rothschilds to buy diamond mining operations
-annexed territory around Zambezi river called it Rhodesia brought under British control 1895
-would force indigenous tribes of their land for industrialisation
-cape colony PM from 1890-96(am maxed huge personal fortune)
Formed his own British South Africa company which got a charter in 1889
-1890 attained partnership with Diamond Syndicate giving him a monopoly over worlds diamond supply
Who was William Mackinnon?(2)
-founded British east Africa company and established control on east Africa given a charter 1888
Found the Calcutta and Burma steam navigation company 1856 which was later renamed the British India steam navigation company
Who was George Gordie?(4)
From a family with palm oil business in Niger basin established in 1875
Formed African trading company 1876
United all firms on Niger River by securing 450 local treaties to create a single company the United African company-couldn’t get a royal charter at first but eventually did and company became known as Royal Niger company
-became colonial administrator and brought the lands around the Niger under British control
