3.18 relations with indigenous people Flashcards
How did Indians respond to imperial rule 1914-20(5)
-main leadership local
-anti-British outbursts in Bengal and Punjab
-failed attempts to provoke a mutiny in the army-e.g the Singapore mutiny which lasted 7 days
-1919 Gov of India act failed to satisfy nationalists-led to Rowlatt act 1919
-armistar massacre 1919 celebrate Sikh new year 379 dead -Ghandi’s non cooperation movement 1920
How did Indians respond to imperial rule 1920-47(3)
-Chauri Chaira incident of 1922 in Gorakhpur district of United province- violence in non-cooperation movement and police open fire 3 die-Indian national congress calls an end to the moment as a result
-Muslim League 1930s more militant
-Ghandi’s quit India campaign 1942
How did Middle East react to British rule 1914-47?
-country side revolution by Egyptians and Sudanese against British occupation in 1919
-attacks on military bases, civilian facilities and personal in which Egyptian villa gems were burn and railways destroyed (800 Egyptians killed)
-after 1936 Britain retain troops in siuez area
-1945 open conflict with Jews and Palestinians- Britain leave
When was Sinn Féin’s unsuccessful Easter rising?
1916
When does Irish free state become self governing dominion in the empire?
1921 after IRA guerrilla war
Why did support for indian national congress grow after WW1?(5)
-many Indians volunteered for war with assumption that would be granted independence after
-Russian revolution 1917 it could be possible to do the same with Britain +collapse of Ottoman Empire
-creation of new European states
-Anglo-Irish treaty 1921
-Britain ignored idea of self rule in gov of India act 1919 which angered Indians
How was Nehru)s views different to Ghandi?
-committed socialist sought modernisation
-supported Britain and ww2 and was reluctantly pulled into quit India campaign
Who was Sabhss Chandra Bose?
-Nehuru’s rival for leader of congress party in 1930s
-wanted congress to be more militant was president 1938-39
-1939 fled to Germany and allied himself with Britain’s enemies
Formed Indian national army in 1942
Why did all Indian Muslim league oppose Ghandi?
-originally founded in 1906 and worked in co-operation with congress
-disagreement with Ghandi’s tactics and campaigned for establishment of safeguarding Muslims in the move for independence
Who was Muhammad Ali Jinnah?
Lead Muslim league from 1913
Resigned from congress party in 1920 disagreeing with non-violent protest
1940 believed in a separate Muslim state
Became first governor general in 1947
Why was it difficult for African nationalism to develop proper to ww2?
-tribal politics (no identity)
-less educated elites and indigenous people not represented in civil service +people were less educated
-widespread collection of chiefs who liked colonialism
Why was the national congress of west Africa created
Group of political activists in Nigeria, Gambia, Gold Coast and Sierra Leone formed in 1919-
Promoted African representation in Africa which had been limited
Why supported the national congress of west Africa?
Black middle class (lawyers, doctors, many of whom were European educated)
Why did support for nationalism grow in the 1930s
-spread of education
-colonial administrators tried to win support by increasing new employment opportunities causing a new group of nationalist leaders in the 1930s
When was the west African student union formed?
1925
What was the west African student union
Bring together west African students studying in London -campaigned against racism and for independence in west Africa
(Inspired grater radicalism among its members and acted as a training ground for west African politicians)-major influence on anti-colonial movements in Nigeria and Gold Coast
Why did ww2 accelerate nationalism?
British t faster economic development to west African colonies -Britain relied more on its raw materials
Who would become key figures in the West African student union
-Nkrumah
-Azikiwe
Who was Harry Thunku?
Developed first East African political protest movements
-set up Young Kikuyu a non militant organisation against British takeover of Kenya 1920
-set up East African association 1921
What did the East African association want?
-push for more representation and opposed white rule over East Africa
-gradually broadened a campaign for African rights and representation as the East African association
How was the East African association different to the Young Kikuyu?
-across tribal lines-for other tribes too and more African representation for East Africans
-a larger more representative grow p
What was the significance of the Kenya African study movement
-inspired by movements in west Africa
Dedicated people in an urban environment
-gets remanded and out of it becomes political party that would lead Kenya to independence
How did some indigenous people benefit from empire?
-benefit from new opportunities (princes/ sepoys’
-economic growth
-would retain power not everyone agreed with nationalist
Evidence colonies were loyal to Britain?
-support in both world wars
-coronation King George V 1937- 23 hrs of continuous broadcasting
