3.16 attitudes to empire-the role and influence of individuals

Question 1

Background of Ghandi (4)

Answer 1

-trained as a barrister in London

-began career in South Africa for 20 years from 1893

Championed civil rights for Indians in area

Work won him wide spread respect and opened the doors to congress

Question 2

What were Ghandi’s beliefs?

Answer 2

-peaceful resistance to British rule (based on Satyagrah principle)

-United India equal rights for Hindus and Indians -rejected caste system

-rejected western urbanisation

Question 3

When does Ghandi start speaking out against British rule and the caste system!

Answer 3

1907

Question 4

What happened to Ghandi in 1915?

Answer 4

Becomes president of Indian national congress

Question 5

What act is Ghandi appalled at?

Answer 5

1919 Rowlatt act

Question 6

After what event does Ghandi begin his campaign for full independence

Answer 6

1919 Amritsar massacre

Question 7

What did Ghandi do in 1920?

Answer 7

Organised non-cooperation movement, taxes upheld

By the end of 1922 30,000 had been arrested due to this mass action

Question 8

When does Ghandi fast for 3 weeks to promote Hindu-Muslim unity?

Answer 8

1924

Question 9

When was Ghandi’s anti salt March and how many supporters did he have?

Answer 9

80,000 supporters 1931

24 dat March to Dandi

Question 10

Why was Ghandi arrested by the British in 1942

Answer 10

He helped organised the quit india campaign

Question 11

Who was Nehru ?

Answer 11

Led congress when independence came in 1947

Question 12

Who was Subhas Bose?

Answer 12

Prepared to use violence to break away from congress-formed Indian national army who fought against British

Question 13

Who was Muhammad Ali Jinnah?

Answer 13

Led Muslim league to support portion over a United India

Question 14

What changes were made to imperial administration in London 1925?

Answer 14

Colonial office split into two departments (dominions office and the colonial office)

Question 15

What were the 3 cabinet positions responsible for empire by 1925

Answer 15

Secretary of State for India
Secretary of State for dominions
Secretary of State for colonies

Question 16

What was Lord Passfield’s dual mandate in 1931?

Answer 16

Belief that a colonial power had a double responsibiliy!

To its colonial peoples and to give them self gov

Question 16

What was trusteeship?

Answer 16

Concept where colonies has to be ruled in a way that looked afte the interests of indigenous people as well as white people-economic development should benefit indigenous population

Question 17

Who came up with trusteeship?

Answer 17

1927 colonial secretary Leo Amery

Question 18

Who was responsible for reforms that led to gov of India act?

Answer 18

Montagu Secretary of State for India 1917-22

Question 19

Who came up with the idea of India as partners of india?

Answer 19

Sir harry Haig(life long administrator)opposed Ghandi’s campaign for independence

Question 20

Who was Lord Linlithgow?

Answer 20

Viceroy of India 1935-43- promoted further enfranchisement of Indians in the gov of India act 1935

He was also an opponent of Ghandi- Indians blamed him for division max lack of economic development but he was praised in Britain

Question 20

Who was Sir Donald Cameron?

Answer 20

Governor Tanganyika 1924-31 and Nigeria 1931-35

Believer in trusteeship

Promoted exports of ground nuts and palm oil

Question 21

Who was Baron Hailey?

Answer 21

In the Indian civil service and a key participant in the conferences leading to 1935 gov of India act

Travelled 20,000 miles to produce an African server for royal institute pf international affairs

Question 22

Who was sir Charles Arden?

Answer 22

Moved to Gold Coast and president over the first African colony to gain independence in 1957

Question 23

Who was sir Andrew Cohen?

Answer 23

One of the earliest to see the need for decolonisation-appointed as assistant for Secretary of State and helped lead to independence in 1947